Likkutei Torah · Parshas Bamidbar · Maamar 7
ביאור הדברים ע״פ והיה מספר בני ישראל כו׳
Explanation of the words on “And the number of the children of Israel shall be”
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The big idea
The Name Elokim joins mi, the hidden, with eleh, the revealed; “the stream of Elokim full of water” is the revealed Chasadim flowing out of concealed Binah, which the mitzvos bring down to the “earth,” Knesses Yisrael, who cannot yet rise on her own. In the Time to Come Malchus, G‑d’s speech and the root of number, will receive from Chochmah and Binah themselves, where “to His understanding there is no number,” and so Israel’s number will be beyond measure and count.
The maamar in brief
This maamar explains the preceding discourse on Hosea’s verse. It begins with “the stream (peleg) of Elokim”: Elokim is made of mi, the hidden, and eleh, the revealed. While the Chasadim stay covered within the Yesod of Binah, eleh is hidden inside the word; when they flow below the chest of Z’eir Anpin, eleh splits off as a stream “full of water.” In the soul, contemplation turns a hidden love into felt love and awe. The mitzvos are that water, the Name Mah, which refines the earth of Ban; they come from the five Chasadim, and their root is Keser, “the will of all wills,” so they awaken longing in Knesses Yisrael. The earth is never sated because Malchus descends nightly to refine kelipas nogah, which cannot be fully refined before the end of days: even Moshe ate neither bread nor manna to receive the Torah. Now Malchus, G‑d’s speech, receives a contracted light, the moon’s diminution. In the future it will rise, like Moshe’s “heavy mouth,” to receive from Chochmah and Binah themselves, where there is no number. Through teshuvah, which is Binah, Israel’s number will become beyond counting.
Outline
- Mi and eleh: the stream of ElokimElokim joins mi (the hidden) and eleh (the revealed). While the Chasadim are covered within the Yesod of Binah, eleh stays hidden, like a love hidden in mind and heart; when two Chasadim and two thirds are revealed below the chest of Z’eir Anpin, eleh “splits off” as a stream full of water, the love and awe that contemplation brings into the heart.¶1–2
- The earth and its water“You visited the earth and watered it”: the mitzvos are water, the Name Mah, which refines and waters the earth of Ban, Knesses Yisrael. They come from the five Chasadim, their root is Keser, “the will of all wills,” clothed in Z’eir Anpin, and so they awaken longing (teshukah) in her.¶3–5
- Why the earth is never satedMalchus descends each night into the lower worlds to refine kelipas nogah, and because that refinement cannot be complete before the end of days she cannot rise alone. Food shows this: even Moshe ate neither bread nor manna when he went up to receive the Torah. So Malchus, and every soul, needs constant help from above through the mitzvos.¶6–7
- The moon’s diminution and the ascent of speechMalchus is G‑d’s speech, rooted in Chochmah but now receiving only a contracted light through Z’eir Anpin. In the future it will rise to receive from the higher Chochmah itself, as Moshe’s speech stayed within Chochmah; speech will no longer need its outer clothing, will speak of itself (nidberu), and the earth will stand “above the waters.”¶8–11
- A number beyond countingNumber comes from division, which begins below the chest of Z’eir Anpin, where Malchus now receives; in Binah, “to His understanding there is no number.” When Malchus rises to Chochmah and Binah through teshuvah, Israel’s number will be beyond count, the Name’s vav-hei will become like yud-hei (yihyeh), and Yehudah and Yisrael will share one head.¶12–13
Key concepts
- Mi and elehמי / אלה
- “Who” and “these,” the two parts of the word Elokim: mi is the hidden source (Binah), eleh what it brings into revelation (the emotive attributes). “Who created these” describes the hidden giving rise to the revealed.
- Covered and revealed Chasadimחסדים המכוסים / המגולים
- The flows of kindness that Binah brings into Z’eir Anpin. Above the chest, within the Yesod of Imma, they are covered; below it they are revealed and “flow like water.”
- Mah and Banמ״ה / ב״ן
- Two ways of spelling out the Name Havayah, totaling 45 and 52: Mah is Z’eir Anpin and the level of water, Ban is Malchus and the level of earth. Mah refines Ban, and Ban now always needs Mah’s water.
- Kelipas nogahקליפת נוגה
- The “translucent husk,” the mixture of good and evil from which physical, permitted things such as food draw their life. It can be refined and raised to holiness, but not completely before the end of days.
- The diminution of the moonמיעוט הירח
- The present state of Malchus, which receives only through Z’eir Anpin and descends into the lower worlds; in the future “the light of the moon shall be like the light of the sun.”
- The ascent of speechעליית הדבור
- Malchus, G‑d’s speech, rising to receive from Chochmah and Binah themselves, so that it no longer needs the outer clothing of voice and letters, as Moshe’s speech stayed absorbed in Chochmah.
- “To His understanding there is no number”ולתבונתו אין מספר
- Binah, where everything is still one and nullified in the Infinite Light, above division and number; Malchus will rise there in the future, and on Yom Kippur.
Mi and eleh: the stream of Elokim ¶1–2
An explanation of the words on “And the number of the children of Israel shall be,” etc. Now, to understand the root of the concept of “the stream (peleg) of Elokim,” etc.:
This maamar is a ביאור, an elaboration of the preceding discourse in this book on Hosea’s verse “And the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea.” Before returning to that verse, it asks about the root of a phrase from Psalms 65:10, “the stream of G‑d (peleg Elokim) is full of water,” read here as speaking of the Name Elokim.
Now, in the word Elokim there are the letters mi [and] eleh, as is known, and as is written in the Zohar at its beginning on “Who (mi) created these (eleh),” etc.
The Hebrew word Elokim (אלקים) is made of the letters of two words: mi (מי, “who”) and eleh (אלה, “these”). The Zohar at its very beginning builds on this, expounding Isaiah’s words “Lift up your eyes on high and see: Who (mi) created these (eleh)?”
והנה מי הוא בחי׳ נסתר מאחר דקיימא לשאלה מי הוא מפני שלא נודע ונגלה למטה כו׳
Now, mi is the level of the hidden, since it stands as a question, “Who is it?”, because it is not known and revealed below, etc.;
Mi, “who?”, is a question, and one asks a question only about something one does not know. So mi stands for what is hidden, not known or revealed to those below; the Zohar itself says of mi that it “stands as a question.”
ואלה הוא בחי׳ נגלה שהרי אינו אומר אלה אלא על דבר הנגלה ונראית לעין כל שיתכן שיאמר עליו אלה לנכח כו׳.
and eleh is the level of the revealed, for one says “these” only of something that is revealed and visible to every eye, so that it is possible to say of it “these,” in its presence, etc.
Eleh, “these,” is the word one uses when pointing at something that is present and visible to everyone. So eleh stands for what is revealed.
The opening sets up the maamar’s key image: the Name Elokim is made of mi (“who,” the hidden) and eleh (“these,” the revealed), as the Zohar teaches on the verse “Who created these.”
The Kehot note records that this discourse also exists in a version by the Mitteler Rebbe, printed in Sefer HaMaamarim 5565, whose opening was edited in the Tzemach Tzedek’s own hand, and that the explanation as a whole is found in the Tzemach Tzedek’s Or HaTorah on Bamidbar.
Marei mekomos
- 1ביאור הדברים · נוסחת כ״ק אדה״א בסה״מ תקס״ה-ב ע׳ תקפט. ותחילת המאמר שם מוגה בגוכתי״ק הצ״צ ע״ש ברשימת מאמרי תקס״ה ע׳ א׳קטז הערה 102. לכללות הביאור ראה אוה״ת במדבר-ה ע׳ א׳תרסו.
- 2פלג אלקים · Psalms 65:10
- 3בזהר בתחלתו · ח״א א, ב.
- 4ע״פ מי ברא אלה · Isaiah 40:26
- 5מי ברא אלה · Zohar, Introduction 2:4–4:12
2וא״כ ב׳ תיבות הללו הם ב׳ ענינים הפכיים שזה נסתר וזה נגלה. ושרש הענין הוא למעלה הן
If so, these two words are two opposite concepts: this one hidden and that one revealed. And the root of the matter is above; they are
Mi and eleh are therefore opposites, hidden and revealed. The maamar now traces this contrast to its root in the higher worlds.
הנה ב׳ העולמות עלמא דאתכסיא שנק׳ מ״י ועלמא דאתגליא שנק׳ אלה כו׳, ודרך כלל הנה אותיות י״ה דשם הוי׳ הן חו״ב שנק׳ נסתרות ואותיות ו״ה הן המדות והדבור שנקראו נגלות.
the two worlds: the hidden world (alma de’iskasya), which is called mi, and the revealed world (alma de’isgalya), which is called eleh, etc. And in general, the letters yud-hei of the Name Havayah are Chochmah and Binah, which are called “the hidden things,” and the letters vav-hei are the emotive attributes (middos) and speech, which are called “the revealed things.”
Above there is a “hidden world” and a “revealed world,” called mi and eleh. In the four letters of the Name Havayah, the first two, yud and hei, are Chochmah and Binah, the hidden levels of intellect; the last two, vav and hei, are the emotive attributes and speech (Z’eir Anpin and Malchus), the revealed levels, in the language of the verse “The hidden things are for Havayah our G‑d, and the revealed things are for us.”
והנה הבינה מתלבשת בז״א שהוא המדות ויש בחינת חסדים המכוסים ביסוד הבינה ויש בחי׳ חסדים המגולים12 (כמ״ש בע״ח שכ״ה3 ושער האונאה)4
Now, Binah is enclothed in Z’eir Anpin, which is the emotive attributes; and there is the level of the covered Chasadim, within the Yesod of Binah, and there is the level of the revealed Chasadim (as is written in Etz Chaim, Sha’ar 25, and Sha’ar HaOna’ah).
Binah, understanding, enters into Z’eir Anpin, the emotive attributes, the way understanding gives rise to feeling. It brings with it the Chasadim, the flows of kindness that build those attributes. While they are still within Binah’s own lowest point (its Yesod), they are “covered”; once they leave it, they are “revealed.”
וזהו ענין פלג אלקים5 דהיינו שנחלקו אותיות אלה המורים על הגילוי שהם החסדים המגולים מאותיות מי המורים על החסדים המכוסים.6
And this is the meaning of “the stream (peleg) of Elokim”: that the letters eleh, which indicate revelation, that is, the revealed Chasadim, were divided from the letters mi, which indicate the covered Chasadim.
Peleg means a stream, and also a division. “The stream of Elokim” is the moment the letters eleh divide off from the letters mi: the revealed Chasadim separate from the covered ones.
והוא כדי להיות גילוי החסדים המגולים. שע״ז נאמר מי ברא אלה וענין בחי׳ זו בנפש היינו התגלות המוחין שהם דחילו ורחימו שכליים.
And this is so that there may be a revelation of the revealed Chasadim; for of this it is said, “Who created these.” And this level in the soul is the revelation of the intellect (mochin), which is intellectual awe and love (dechilu urechimu).
The division happens so that the Chasadim can be openly revealed, and this is “Who (mi) created these (eleh)”: the hidden brings forth the revealed. In a person’s soul it corresponds to intellect that is not kept to itself but gives birth to awe and love born of understanding.
משא״כ כשאותיות אלה הם בצירוף בתיבה אחת עם אותיות מי והוא בחינת שם אלקים הרי אז גם אותיות דאלה עדיין הם בבחי׳ הסתר והעלם כמו אותיות מי ומה גם שקדמו אותיות אלה לאותיות מי בתיבת אלקים.
This is not so when the letters eleh are joined in one word with the letters mi, which is the level of the Name Elokim: then even the letters of eleh are still in a state of hiddenness and concealment, like the letters mi; all the more so since the letters eleh come before the letters mi in the word Elokim.
When eleh and mi are still joined in the single word Elokim, even eleh, the revealed, remains hidden like mi. He adds that in the word Elokim the letters of eleh even stand first, so they have not yet come out of mi the way “Who created these” describes.
והיינו כאשר כל הה״ח הן סתומים ומכוסים עדיין ביסוד אימא. (ועיין מזה בע״ח שער האונאה פ״ג ובלק״ת פ׳ לך לך במצות מילה).
That is, when all five Chasadim are still closed and covered within the Yesod of Imma. (And see on this Etz Chaim, Sha’ar HaOna’ah, chapter 3, and the Arizal’s Likkutei Torah, Parshas Lech Lecha, on the mitzvah of circumcision.)
This joined state is when all five Chasadim are still closed within the Yesod of Imma (Binah). The parenthesis points to the Arizal’s Etz Chaim and to his Likkutei Torah on the mitzvah of circumcision, which, as the paragraph goes on to show, is linked to the uncovering of what is hidden.
וענין בחי׳ זו בנפש היינו מ״ש בבינונים פט״ז אם אין יד שכלו ורוח בינתו משגת להוליד אהבת7 ה׳ בהתגלות לבו כו׳ רק האהבה מסותרת במוחו ותעלומות לבו כו׳ יעו״ש באריכות.
And this level in the soul is what is written in [Sefer Shel] Beinonim, chapter 16: “If the hand of his intellect and the spirit of his understanding cannot reach to give birth to love of G‑d revealed in his heart,” etc., “only the love hidden in his mind and in the hidden recesses of his heart,” etc.; see there at length.
In the soul this is the state Tanya, chapter 16, describes: a person whose understanding is not strong enough to make love of G‑d felt openly in his heart, yet who still has that love hidden in his mind and in the depths of his heart. The love is real, but it is concealed, like eleh still inside Elokim.
אך כאשר נמשכים ב׳ חסדים וב״ש להאיר בבחי׳ גילוי בז״א נק׳ פלג אלקים שנפלגו ונחלקו אותיות אלה שהם בחי׳ גילוי מב״ח המכוסים שהם בחי׳ מי
But when two Chasadim and two thirds are drawn down to shine in a revealed way in Z’eir Anpin, it is called “the stream (peleg) of Elokim,” for the letters eleh, which are the level of revelation, have split off (niflegu) and divided from the two covered Chasadim, which are the level of mi;
The Yesod of Imma ends at the chest of Z’eir Anpin. Below that point two Chasadim and two thirds of the third are revealed, while two Chasadim and the remaining third, above it, stay covered, as the Kehot note quotes from the Mitteler Rebbe’s version. That release is “the stream of Elokim”: eleh splits off (niflegu) from the covered Chasadim, which are mi.
ואזי דייקא הוא מלא מים שהחסדים נמשלו למים והם יורדים מגבוה לנמוך (וכמ״ש בע״ח שכ״ה הנ״ל). ומ״מ שרש הגילוי דאלה נמשך מההעלם דמי.
and then specifically it is “full of water,” for the Chasadim are likened to water, and they descend from high to low (as is written in Etz Chaim, Sha’ar 25, mentioned above). Nevertheless, the root of the revelation of eleh is drawn from the concealment of mi.
The Chasadim are compared to water, which flows from high to low, so once released they are a stream “full of water.” Yet even this revealed flow has its source in the hidden mi.
וזהו מי ברא אלה והיינו שע״י ההתבוננות בשכלו ועומק תבונתו נולד ונמשך הדחילו ורחימו בהתגלות לבו.
And this is “Who (mi) created these (eleh)”: that is, through contemplation with his intellect and the depth of his understanding, the awe and love are born and drawn forth, revealed in his heart.
This is the sense of “Who created these” in a person: by contemplating with his intellect and the depth of his understanding (the hidden mi), he brings awe and love to birth, felt openly in his heart (the revealed eleh).
ועיין בע״ח ובלק״ת שם דלפעמים מתגלה גם שליש העליון דחסד המכוסה ואף כל הה״ח כו׳
And see Etz Chaim and the Arizal’s Likkutei Torah there, that at times even the upper third of the covered Chesed is revealed, and even all five Chasadim, etc.
Etz Chaim and the Arizal’s Likkutei Torah add that sometimes even the part of the Chasadim that normally stays covered, the upper third of Chesed, is revealed, and at times all five Chasadim are.
וע׳ בפי׳ הרמ״ז בזהר פ׳ וירא (בדף צ״ח ע״ב) גבי כיון דאתגזר אתגלי כולא8 כו׳.
And see the commentary of the Ramaz on the Zohar, Parshas Vayera (on folio 98b), regarding “Once he was circumcised, everything was revealed,” etc.
The Zohar on Parshas Vayera says that before Avraham was circumcised he was “closed,” and once he was circumcised “everything was revealed,” and the Shechinah rested on him. The Alter Rebbe points to the commentary of the Ramaz, Rabbi Moshe Zacuto, on this passage, as bearing on the state in which even the covered Chasadim come into the open.
[ואפשר שזהו ענין מי גילה9 לבני רז זה פי׳ מי היינו בינה גילה לבני נו״ה רז זה היינו החסדים המכוסים ביסוד אימא שנק׳ רז לפי
The Talmud relates that when Israel said “we will do” before “we will hear,” a heavenly voice asked, “Who revealed to My children this secret, which the ministering angels use?” The Alter Rebbe suggests a Kabbalistic reading: mi is Binah, “My children” are Netzach and Hod, and “this secret” is the Chasadim hidden in the Yesod of Imma.
שהם מכוסים ומי גילה לבני רז זה היינו יציאתם מההעלם אל הגילוי, ועמ״ש מזה בד״ה בשעה שהקדימו נעשה לנשמע כו׳
they are covered; and “Who revealed this secret to My children” is their emergence from concealment into revelation. And see what is written on this in the discourse beginning “When they put ‘we will do’ before ‘we will hear,’” etc.,
Read this way, “Who revealed this secret” means that Binah brought the hidden Chasadim out into revelation. He refers the reader to another discourse on this same Talmudic passage.
דפי׳ רז זה היינו גילוי האהבה המוסתרת שיש בכל נפש מישראל כו׳ ושם נתבאר דפי׳ רז זה היינו יסוד דאבא] (ועמ״ש בד״ה ואהיה אצלו אמון1011 בפי׳ וימינך מקרב חיקך כלה):12
that the meaning of “this secret” is the revelation of the hidden love that is in every Jewish soul, etc.; and there it is explained that the meaning of “this secret” is the Yesod of Abba.] (And see what is written in the discourse beginning “And I was with Him as a nursling (amon),” on the meaning of “and Your right hand, from within Your bosom, consume.”)
That discourse explains “this secret” in the soul as the hidden love present in every Jew, now revealed, and above as the Yesod of Abba (Chochmah). A second parenthesis points to a later discourse in this book, on “And I was with Him as a nursling,” for its reading of the verse “Your right hand, from within Your bosom,” a hand that is held back in the bosom, hidden.
This paragraph explains “the stream of Elokim” through the Kabbalah of the covered and revealed Chasadim: while they remain within the Yesod of Binah they are hidden, like eleh inside the word Elokim, and when they flow below the chest of Z’eir Anpin eleh “splits off” from mi as a stream full of water. In the soul this is the move from a love hidden in mind and heart to a love and awe openly felt through contemplation.
The Kehot note on [2.3] quotes the fuller wording of the Mitteler Rebbe’s version: the covered Chasadim are above the chest of Z’eir Anpin, where the Yesod of Imma ends, so that two Chasadim and two thirds below the chest are revealed, while two Chasadim and a third remain covered within the Yesod of Imma. Etz Chaim (Sha’ar 25, Derush 2) describes the same structure: the end of the Yesod of Imma reaches to the end of the upper third of Tiferes, the chest of Z’eir Anpin, and the Chasadim, “streams of water,” descend first and widen its opening.
Marei mekomos
- 1ויש בחי׳ חסדים המגולים · בסה״מ תקס״ה-ב ע׳ תקפט נוסף בהמאמר ומוגה בגוכתי״ק הצ״צ ”והחסדים המכוסים ביסוד אימא הן למעלה מהחזה דז״א ומשם ולמטה הן מתגלים כי בחזה דז״א מסתיימים בחי׳ יסוד אימא כידוע ולכן מהחזה דז״א ולמטה שם החסדים מגולים והיינו שב׳ חסדים וב׳ שליש הם מגולים וב׳ חסדים ושליש שהם עד החזה דז״א נשארו מכוסין ביסוד אימא כו׳”.
- 2חסדים המכוסים ביסוד הבינה ויש בחי׳ חסדים המגולים · Sefer Etz Chaim 25:7
- 3כמ״ש בע״ח שכ״ה · דרוש ב׳.
- 4ושער האונאה · י, פ״א.
- 5פלג אלקים · Psalms 65:10
- 6המורים — החסדים המגולים . . המכוסים · ראה דרך מצותיך קנז, ב.
- 7אם אין יד שכלו ורוח בינתו משגת להוליד אהבת ה׳ בהתגלות לבו · Tanya, Likkutei Amarim 16:3
- 8כיון דאתגזר אתגלי כולא · Zohar, Vayera 1:13–14
- 9מי גילה רז זה · Shabbat 88a:8
- 10בד״ה ואהי׳ אצלו אמון · לקמן יז, ד.
- 11
- 12וימינך מקרב חיקך כלה · Psalms 74:11
The earth and its water ¶3–5
2. And the meaning of “You visited the earth and watered it (vateshokekeha)” is that through the mitzvos, which are the level of water, the revelation of love is born in the “earth,” which is the Congregation of Israel (Knesses Yisrael).
Section 2 turns to the beginning of the same verse: “You visited the earth and watered it (vateshokekeha).” The Alter Rebbe hears in vateshokekeha the word teshukah, longing: through the mitzvos, which are “water,” a revealed love and longing is born in the “earth,” Knesses Yisrael, the collective source of the souls of Israel.
והענין כי נגד ד׳ יסודות אש רוח מים עפר הם ד׳ שמות ובחי׳ שם ב״ן זהו בחי׳ ארץ ועפר.
The explanation is that corresponding to the four elements, fire, air (ruach), water [and] earth (afar), are the four Names; and the level of the Name Ban is the level of “earth” (eretz) and dust.
Kabbalah pairs the four elements with four Names, the four ways of spelling out the letters of the Name Havayah. The spelling whose letters add up to fifty-two, called Ban, is the level of earth and dust; it is associated with Malchus, the receiver.
ובחי׳ מים הוא בחי׳ מ״ה כמ״ש בפתח אליהו2 שם מ״ה כו׳ כמיא דאשקי לאילנא3 כו׳ וזהו ארץ לא שבעה מים4 דהיינו יחוד מ״ה וב״ן.5
And the level of water is the level of [the Name] Mah, as is written in Pesach Eliyahu, “the Name Mah,” etc., “like water that waters the tree,” etc. And this is “the earth is not sated with water”: that is, the union of Mah and Ban.
The spelling that adds up to forty-five, called Mah, is the level of water. Pesach Eliyahu, Elijah’s prayer at the opening of the Tikkunei Zohar, calls it the channel that waters the tree, “like water that waters the tree.” So “the earth is not sated with water” describes the union of Mah and Ban: Malchus always receives from Z’eir Anpin and never has enough.
The second section begins to explain “You visited the earth and watered it”: the mitzvos are “water” that awaken longing in Knesses Yisrael, the “earth.” Using the four elements and the four spellings of Havayah, it identifies earth with the Name Ban and water with the Name Mah, whose union is “the earth that is not sated with water.”
In the Tikkunei Zohar passage cited, the spelling of the Name with alefs, which totals forty-five, is called “the path of Atzilus”: “it is the watering of the tree, through its arms and branches, like water that waters the tree, and it grows through that watering.”
Marei mekomos
- 1ב) ופי׳ פקדת · ראה אוה״ת במדבר-ה ע׳ א׳תרסו. סעיף זה נתבאר בסה״מ תרל״ג-ב ע׳ שפג.
- 2כמ״ש בפתח אליהו · ת״ז בהקדמה.
- 3שם מ״ה כו׳ כמיא דאשקי לאילנא · Tikkunei Zohar 17a:19–22
- 4ארץ לא שבעה מים · Proverbs 30:16
- 5
Now, it is known that Mah is what refines (birur) Ban, for “by Chochmah they are refined.” And the matter will be understood from Torah and mitzvos, for “the Torah comes forth from Chochmah.”
Mah (Z’eir Anpin) refines Ban (Malchus): birur is the sorting of what is fit for holiness from what is not. Refinement comes through Chochmah, wisdom, and since “the Torah comes forth from Chochmah,” the Torah and its mitzvos show how this works.
והנה כל התורה הוא הוראה והבדלה בין טמא לטהור כשר או פסול שהוא ענין הבירור.
Now, the whole Torah is instruction and distinction between impure and pure, fit or unfit, which is the matter of refinement (birur).
All of the Torah’s rulings teach and distinguish: impure from pure, fit from unfit. Making such distinctions is exactly what birur, refinement, means.
אך כשר ופסול וחייב וזכאי כו׳ נמשך מהמדות חו״ג והיינו שהחכמה מתלבשת להיות מוחין לז״א ועי״ז הוא הבירור וזהו ענין שם מ״ה שהוא בז״א
However, fit and unfit, guilty and innocent, etc., derive from the attributes Chesed and Gevurah. That is, Chochmah is enclothed to become the intellect (mochin) of Z’eir Anpin, and through this is the refinement. And this is the concept of the Name Mah, which is in Z’eir Anpin,
Yet the categories themselves, fit and unfit, guilty and innocent, are expressions of the emotive attributes Chesed and Gevurah, which permit and restrict. So Torah’s refinement takes place when Chochmah becomes the intellect of Z’eir Anpin, and that is why the Name Mah is located in Z’eir Anpin.
אך שהוא בהתלבשות החכמה בז״א כי חכמה כח מ״ה3 (ועיין בזהר בלק דקצ״א ע״ב ע״פ מה שמו כו׳).
but it is through the enclothing of Chochmah in Z’eir Anpin, for Chochmah is koach mah, “the power of Mah” (and see the Zohar, Balak, folio 191b, on “What (mah) is His name,” etc.).
Mah belongs to Z’eir Anpin only as Chochmah is clothed in it, for the word Chochmah (חכמה) divides into koach mah (כח מה), “the power of Mah.” The Zohar on Balak, expounding “What (mah) is His name,” is given for further study.
ומה שנק׳ המצות מים כי הם מבחי׳ ה׳ חסדים כי רמ״ח מ״ע הם מבחי׳ ט״ס דז״א טפ״ט הוא פ״א כו׳ עד ה׳ חסדים המגדילים כמיא דאשקי לאילנא.4
And the mitzvos are called “water” because they are from the level of the five Chasadim. For the 248 positive commandments are from the level of the nine Sefiros of Z’eir Anpin: nine times nine is eighty-one, etc., up to the five Chasadim that bring growth, “like water that waters the tree.”
The mitzvos are “water” because they come from the five Chasadim, which, like water, flow down and make things grow. The 248 positive commandments correspond to the nine Sefiros of Z’eir Anpin, each including all nine (eighty-one); the count, abbreviated with “etc.,” continues until, with the five Chasadim, it reaches 248, and these Chasadim make Z’eir Anpin grow “like water that waters the tree.”
אך הגם דאורייתא מחכמה נפקת היינו שמשם נפקת בבחי׳ גילוי אבל שרשה הוא מבחי׳ כתר שתרי״ג מצות דאורייתא עם ז׳ מצות דרבנן הם תר״ך עמודי אור56 וכתר הוא רצון העליון רעוא דכל רעוין.789
However, although “the Torah comes forth from Chochmah,” this means that it comes forth from there in a revealed way; but its root is from the level of Keser, for the 613 commandments of the Torah, together with the seven commandments of the Rabbis, are the 620 pillars of light, and Keser is the Supreme Will, “the will of all wills” (raava dechol raavin).
The Torah is revealed from Chochmah, but its root is higher, in Keser, the Crown. The 613 Torah commandments and the seven rabbinic ones make 620, the numerical value of keser (כתר), matching the “620 pillars of light” of Keser; and Keser is the Supreme Will, “the will of all wills.”
This paragraph explains why the mitzvos are “water” and how Mah refines Ban: Torah’s rulings are refinements that come from Chochmah clothed in Z’eir Anpin, the positive commandments derive from the five Chasadim, and the root of all the mitzvos, 620 in number, is Keser, the Supreme Will.
The Zohar (3:34a) says that Chochmah holds koach mah, and that Mah is the Name spelled yud-hei-vav-hei with alefs, whose letters total forty-five. The Pardes Rimonim records the tradition of 620 “pillars of light” in Keser, the value of the word keser, first revealed in Rabbi Nechunia ben HaKanah’s prayer.
Marei mekomos
- 1והנה ידוע דמ״ה הוא המברר ב״ן · ראה ע״ח שער טנת״א ספ״א. ועוד.
- 2בחכמה אתברירו · Zohar II, 254b
- 3חכמה כ״ח מ״ה · Zohar III, 34a
- 4כמיא דאשקי לאילנא · Tikkunei Zohar 17a:19–22
- 5תר״ך עמודי אור · ראה פרדס ש״ח פ״ג.
- 6תר״ך עמודי אור · Pardes Rimmonim 8:5–6
- 7רעוא דכל רעוין · Zohar II, 176b
- 8
- 9
5וזהו ענין נה״י דא״א שמתלבשים בז״א כמ״ש בע״ח1 סוף שט״ו שז״א מלביש לנה״י דא״א דהיינו המשכת רעוא דכל רעוין המתלבש בהמצות שהן בט״ס דז״א כנ״ל.
And this is the concept of Netzach, Hod and Yesod of Arich Anpin, which are enclothed in Z’eir Anpin, as is written in Etz Chaim, at the end of Sha’ar 15, that Z’eir Anpin clothes Netzach, Hod and Yesod of Arich Anpin: that is, the drawing down of “the will of all wills,” which is enclothed in the mitzvos, which are in the nine Sefiros of Z’eir Anpin, as mentioned above.
Arich Anpin is the configuration of Keser that is the Supreme Will (the outer dimension of Keser, as against Atik Yomin within it). Its lower attributes, Netzach, Hod and Yesod, are clothed within Z’eir Anpin, as Etz Chaim explains; this is how “the will of all wills” comes down and is clothed in the mitzvos, which are in the nine Sefiros of Z’eir Anpin.
וזהו שע״י שפקדת ארץ2 במעשה המצות עי״ז ותשוקקיה כי לפי שהמצות הם מבחי׳ רעוא דכל רעוין ע״כ עושין התשוקה והרצון בכנס״י כו׳.
And this is [the meaning]: that through “You visited the earth,” by the performance of the mitzvos, through this “and watered it (vateshokekeha)”; because the mitzvos are from the level of “the will of all wills,” therefore they create the longing (teshukah) and the will in the Congregation of Israel, etc.
This explains the verse: “You visited the earth” is the performance of the mitzvos, and through it comes “and watered it (vateshokekeha),” read as teshukah, longing. Because the mitzvos carry the Supreme Will, doing them awakens longing and will in Knesses Yisrael.
The paragraph closes the first explanation of “You visited the earth and watered it”: the Supreme Will of Keser reaches the mitzvos through the Netzach, Hod and Yesod of Arich Anpin clothed in Z’eir Anpin, so performing the mitzvos awakens longing and will in Knesses Yisrael.
Marei mekomos
- 1וזהו ענין נה״י דא״א . . כמ״ש בע״ח שט״ו · פ״ז.
- 2פקדת ארץ · Psalms 65:10
Why the earth is never sated ¶6–7
6וגם כח הבירור ע״י שם מ״ה נמשך מהארת המצחא שהוא רעוא דכל רעוין כמ״ש במ״א בביאור ע״פ את קרבני לחמי.12
And the power of refinement through the Name Mah, too, is drawn from the radiance of the Forehead (Mitzcha), which is “the will of all wills,” as is explained elsewhere, in the explanation on “My offering, My bread.”
The power of the Name Mah to refine has a still higher source: the “Forehead” (Mitzcha), the place in Kabbalah where the Supreme Will, “the will of all wills,” shines openly. The Alter Rebbe refers to his discourse on “My offering, My bread” for the details.
וביאור ענין ארץ שהיא כנס״י לא שבעה מים שהם המצות וכמארז״ל והוי רץ למצוה קלה34 כו׳ לפי שתמיד צריכה להמשכה זו שע״י המצות שהם יעשו בה התשוקה והרצון עליון.
And the explanation of the concept that the “earth,” which is the Congregation of Israel (Knesses Yisrael), is “not sated with water,” which is the mitzvos, as our Sages, of blessed memory, said, “And run to [do] a light mitzvah,” etc., is that she always needs this drawing down that comes through the mitzvos, for they will create in her the longing and the supernal will.
Why is the “earth,” Knesses Yisrael, never sated? Because she constantly needs the flow that the mitzvos bring down, which arouses in her longing and the supernal will. This is why the Sages urge us to run even to a light mitzvah: each mitzvah adds to that flow.
והטעם הוא לפי שהמל׳ דאצי׳ מקור נש״י היא תמיד בבחי׳ עליות וירידות שבלילה יורדת לבי״ע.
Malchus of Atzilus, the root of Jewish souls, does not stay in one place. At night she descends into the lower worlds of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah.
as it is written, “She rises while it is still night and gives food,” etc.; and in the morning prayer she ascends into Atzilus (as is explained on this elsewhere, on “I have come into My garden”).
The verse about the woman of valor, “She rises while it is still night and gives food to her household,” describes Malchus at night, below, giving life to the lower worlds. In the morning prayer she rises back into Atzilus; the Alter Rebbe’s discourse on “I have come into My garden” explains this cycle.
וזהו ענין לכי ומעטי8 את עצמך שמסתתרת בבי״ע וכמו שבהלבנה יש שינויים שמתמעט אורה בסוף כל חדש וחוזרת ומתגדלת מר״ח עד אמצע החודש כו׳ כך הוא ג״כ למעלה בבחי׳ מל׳.
And this is the meaning of “Go and diminish yourself”: that she is hidden in Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah. And just as the moon has changes, its light diminishing at the end of each month and growing again from Rosh Chodesh until the middle of the month, etc., so it is also above, in the level of Malchus.
The Talmud tells that when the moon complained that two kings cannot use one crown, G‑d told it, “Go and diminish yourself.” Malchus is the moon, and her “diminishing” is her concealment in the lower worlds; just as the moon wanes at the end of each month and waxes again from Rosh Chodesh, so Malchus descends and ascends.
וע״ז נאמר למען יזמרך9 כבוד ולא ידום10 כו׳ ואני תפלה11 לעלות מבי״ע לאצילות (וכמ״ש ע״פ וארשתיך לי1213 בענין נכספה וגם כלתה נפשי לחצרות14 ה׳).
And of this it is said, “So that glory may sing to You and not be silent,” etc., and “But I am prayer”: to ascend from Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah to Atzilus (as is explained on “And I will betroth you to Me,” concerning “My soul yearns, and even pines, for the courts of Havayah”).
Two verses describe the ascent: “So that glory may sing to You and not be silent,” and “But I am prayer,” for prayer is how Malchus rises from Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah back to Atzilus. The discourse on “And I will betroth you to Me” discusses this in connection with “My soul yearns, and even pines, for the courts of Havayah.”
אך עכ״ז מחמת גודל הירידה וההתלבשות לברר ק״נ דבי״ע אין בה כח כ״כ מעצמה לבד לעלות מצד שעדיין לא נבררו הבירורים דב״ן בשלימות והם מחשיכים קצת
Yet even so, because of the greatness of the descent and of the enclothement to refine the kelipas nogah of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, she does not have so much strength of her own alone to ascend, since the refinements of Ban have not yet been completely refined, and they darken somewhat;
But Malchus descends so deeply, clothed in the lower worlds to refine kelipas nogah (the “translucent husk,” the mixture of good and evil that can be raised to holiness), that she cannot rise on her own strength. The refinements of Ban are not yet complete, and what remains unrefined darkens her somewhat.
ולכן צריכה עזר וכח מלמעלה משם מ״ה שתוכל לעלות (וזהו ענין לכה דודי לקראת כלה כו׳)
and therefore she needs help and strength from above, from the Name Mah, so that she will be able to ascend (and this is the meaning of “Come, my beloved, to greet the bride,” etc.).
So she needs help from above, from Mah, Z’eir Anpin, the “groom.” This is the meaning of “Come, my beloved, to greet the bride”: the groom comes toward the bride.
ויותר יובן זה למטה שלכך א״א לנש״י להתעוררות בהעלאת מ״ן מעצמו וצ״ל פקדת ארץ ותשוקקיה.
And this will be better understood [from] below: this is why it is impossible for the souls of Israel to be aroused, raising mayin nukvin (feminine waters), of themselves, and there must be “You visited the earth and watered it (vateshokekeha).”
The same thing is easier to see below, in human souls. They cannot awaken themselves to “raise mayin nukvin (feminine waters),” the arousal from below that draws a response from above, entirely on their own; they need “You visited the earth and watered it,” help that comes from above.
והוא משום שהאדם ניזון ממאכלים גשמיים שמק״נ ואף שהאדם באכילתו מברר אותן עכ״ז אין הבירור בשלימות גמור עדיין ובהכרח נשאר מעט מטומאת ק״נ15 [וע׳ בתניא פ״ח]
This is because man is nourished by physical foods, which are from kelipas nogah; and although a person refines them by his eating, nevertheless the refinement is not yet entirely complete, and of necessity a little of the impurity of kelipas nogah remains [and see Tanya, chapter 8];
The reason is that people live on physical food, which draws its life from kelipas nogah. Eating with the right intention refines the food, but not completely: a trace of its impurity remains in the person. Tanya, chapter 8, discusses food from kelipas nogah.
ולכך המאכל מגשם את האדם16 האוכלו שמוריד את נפשו להמשיך אחר גשמיות העולם, ואפילו הצדיק שמכוין באכילתו רק לשם שמים ואוכל רק לשובע נפשו1718 שהיא השכינה
and therefore the food coarsens the person who eats it, drawing his soul down to be drawn after the physicality of the world. And even the tzaddik, who in his eating intends only for the sake of Heaven, and eats only “to satisfy his soul,” which is the Shechinah
So food makes a person coarser and pulls his soul toward the physical world. This holds even for a tzaddik, who eats only for the sake of Heaven, “to satisfy his soul,” which the Zohar reads as the Shechinah.
(כמ״ש בזהר פ׳ ויחי דף ר״מ סע״א) מ״מ כיון שעדיין לא הגיע הזמן שתצא ק״נ לגמרי מחלאתה וטומאתה ותעלה לקדושה19 עד עת קץ הימין (כמ״ש בבינונים פל״ז)
(as is written in the Zohar, Parshas Vayechi, folio 240, end of side a), nevertheless, since the time has not yet come for kelipas nogah to leave its filth and impurity entirely and ascend to holiness, until the time of “the end of days” (ketz hayamin) (as is written in [Sefer Shel] Beinonim, chapter 37),
Even such a tzaddik is affected, because kelipas nogah will not be fully cleansed and raised to holiness until “the end of days,” as Tanya, chapter 37, explains. Until then, refinement cannot be total.
לכן בהכרח שהמאכל מגשם קצת כו׳. ותדע דמי לנו גדול ממשה רבינו ע״ה יודע בשלימות כוונת היחודים עליונים באכילה
therefore of necessity the food coarsens somewhat, etc. And know: for who is greater for us than Moshe Rabbeinu, peace be upon him, who knew perfectly the intention of the supernal unions (yichudim) in eating?
Food therefore always coarsens a little. The proof is Moshe Rabbeinu: no one knew better than he the Kabbalistic intentions (yichudim, “unions” of supernal levels) one can have in eating.
ולכן נאמר ויבא אהרן וכל זקני ישראל20 לאכל21 לחם עם חתן משה לפני האלהים דהיינו שלפי שהיה משה עמהם נק׳ אכילתם לפני האלהים
And therefore it is said, “And Aharon and all the elders of Israel came to eat bread with Moshe’s father-in-law before G‑d”: that is, because Moshe was with them, their eating is called [eating] “before G‑d”
Scripture says that Aharon and the elders ate with Yisro “before G‑d.” Since in fact they ate before Moshe, his presence made their meal a meal “before G‑d.”
(וכדאיתא בגמרא סוף מסכת ברכות). ועכ״ז כשעלה לקבל התורה נאמר ארבעים יום וארבעים לילה לחם לא אכל.22
(as is found in the Gemara at the end of Tractate Berachos). And even so, when he went up to receive the Torah, it is said, “Forty days and forty nights he did not eat bread.”
The Talmud at the end of Berachos derives from this verse that sharing a meal with a Torah scholar is like enjoying the radiance of the Shechinah. Yet when Moshe went up to receive the Torah, he ate no bread for forty days and forty nights.
והיינו מטעם הנ״ל שמצד חומריות המאכל וגסותו מק״נ בהכרח שיהיה מסתיר ומגשם קצת כיון שלא הגיע זמן שתתברר23 ק״נ לגמרי כנ״ל וגדולה מזו שאפילו המן שמלאכי השרת ניזונים בו לא אכל.24
This is for the reason mentioned above: because of the materiality and coarseness of the food, [which is] from kelipas nogah, it must of necessity conceal and coarsen somewhat, since the time has not come for kelipas nogah to be entirely refined, as mentioned above. And greater than this: even the manna, on which the ministering angels are nourished, he did not eat.
He did not eat because physical food, coming from kelipas nogah, still conceals and coarsens a little, since the time of its complete refinement has not come. More striking still, he did not eat even the manna, the food on which the angels are nourished.
This paragraph explains why the “earth” is never sated: Malchus, and with her the souls of Israel, keep descending into the lower worlds to refine kelipas nogah, and because that refinement cannot yet be complete she cannot rise on her own and needs help from above. Physical food shows this: even Moshe, who knew every intention of holy eating, ate nothing, not even manna, when he went up to receive the Torah.
Two Kehot notes quote the Mitteler Rebbe’s version of this discourse. It asks how Moshe could refrain from bread when he surely knew the intentions of eating so well that his food caused no concealment at all, and it explains that the worlds have not yet been refined because the Emanator willed that the descents of the worlds continue, with no ascent for them until the time of the end. The Zohar passage cited explains “the tzaddik eats to satisfy his soul” as giving satisfaction to “the place called the soul of David,” Malchus.
Marei mekomos
- 1בביאור ע״פ את קרבני לחמי · לקמן פ׳ פנחס עז, א.
- 2את קרבני לחמי · Numbers 28:2
- 3הוי רץ למצוה קלה · אבות ד, ב.
- 4הוי רץ למצוה קלה · Pirkei Avot 4:2
- 5ותקם בעוד לילה · Proverbs 31:15
- 6ע״פ באתי לגני · לקו״ת שה״ש לב, ג ואילך.
- 7באתי לגני · Song of Songs 5:1
- 8לכי ומעטי א״ע · Chullin 60b:2–3
- 9למען יזמרך · תהלים סוס״י ל׳. [כ].
- 10למען יזמרך כבוד ולא ידום · Psalms 30:13
- 11ואני תפלה · Psalms 109:4
- 12ס״פ וארשתיך לי · לקמן ח, ג.
- 13וארשתיך לי · Hosea 2:21
- 14נכספה וגם כלתה נפשי לחצרות ה׳ · Psalms 84:3
- 15מטומאת ק״נ · Tanya, Likkutei Amarim 8:4
- 16ולכך המאכל מגשם את האדם · ראה גם סה״מ תקס״ה-ב ע׳ תרלט. מאמרי אדה״א ויקרא-ב ע׳ תקי.
- 17ואוכל . . לשובע נפשו · Proverbs 13:25
- 18לשובע נפשו · Zohar, Vayechi 62:630–63:641
- 19שתצא ק״נ לגמרי מחלאתה וטומאתה ותעלה לקדושה · Tanya, Likkutei Amarim 37:12
- 20ויבא אהרן וכל זקני ישראל · Exodus 18:12
- 21
- 22ארבעים יום . . לחם לא אכל · Exodus 34:28
- 23כיון שלא הגיע זמן שתתברר · ”מפני שכך רצה המאציל שיהי׳ עדיין בחי׳ ירידות העולמות ולא יהי׳ להם עלי׳ עדיין עד עת קץ” — סה״מ תקס״ה-ב בע׳ תקצז.
- 24מ״ש בע״ח שער מיעוט הירח פ״א · ראה המשך תער״ב-ג ע׳ א׳שנה.
7והיינו משום שהגם ששרש המן גבוה מאד אך כשצ״ל יורד ונמשך למטה בבי״ע נמשך דרך חיצונית הכלים והלבושים דבי״ע אשר שם יש תערובות מעה״ד טו״ר.
That is because, although the root of the manna is very high, when it must descend and be drawn down below into Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, it is drawn by way of the outer dimension (chitzoniyus) of the vessels and garments of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, where there is the mixture of the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil.
The manna’s root is very high, yet to reach this world it must pass through Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah by way of the outer layer of their vessels and garments. There good and evil are mixed, as in the Tree of Knowledge, so even manna is not perfectly pure by the time it arrives.
ולגבי קבלת התורה היה גם זה מגשם כו׳ ולכן עם היות שמצד משה עצמו לא היה שום מניעה שיהיה הבירור על ידו בשלימות כדבעי. מאחר שהוא בחינת מ״ה כמ״ש ונחנו מ״ה.1
And in relation to receiving the Torah, this too was coarsening, etc. Therefore, although on the part of Moshe himself there was no obstacle at all to the refinement being done by him completely, as is fitting, since he is the level of Mah, as it is written, “And we are what (mah),”
Compared with the holiness of receiving the Torah, even manna coarsens. Moshe himself could have refined it completely, for he is the level of Mah: he and Aharon said of themselves “and we are what (mah),” a phrase that expresses both his self-nullification and his bond with the Name Mah, the refiner.
אך הזמן גרמא שבהכרח המאכל שמק״נ א״א שיתברר כל כך עד שלא יסתיר לגמרי עד עת קץ הימין שאז דייקא תצא ק״נ מטומאתה וחלאתה2 לגמרי ותעלה לקדושה להיות מרכבה לה׳.
yet the time brought it about: of necessity the food that is from kelipas nogah cannot be refined so much that it does not conceal at all, until the time of “the end of days,” for then specifically kelipas nogah will come out of its impurity and filth entirely and ascend to holiness, to become a chariot for G‑d.
What stood in the way was not Moshe but the era. Until “the end of days,” food from kelipas nogah cannot be refined so fully that it conceals nothing; only then will kelipas nogah leave its impurity entirely and become a “chariot” for G‑d, wholly given over to holiness.
(ועמ״ש מענין זה בפ׳ יתרו ע״פ וכל העם רואים3 כו׳ ועמ״ש ע״פ וידבר משה אל ראשי המטות4 בענין פרישות מביאה לידי קדושה).
(And see what is written on this matter in Parshas Yisro, on “And all the people saw,” etc.; and see what is written on “And Moshe spoke to the heads of the tribes,” concerning “Separation brings to holiness.”)
The Alter Rebbe refers to two discourses: one in Torah Ohr on “And all the people saw” at Sinai, and one in Likkutei Torah on “And Moshe spoke to the heads of the tribes,” the passage on vows, which discusses the saying “Separation brings to holiness.”
ומכ״ז יובן קצת למעלה בענין ירידת המל׳ בבי״ע לברר ק״נ דכיון שעדיין א״א להיות הבירור לגמרי לתכליתו.
And from all this something will be understood [of how it is] above, regarding the descent of Malchus into Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah to refine kelipas nogah: since it is not yet possible for the refinement to be complete, to its ultimate end,
What we see in food helps us understand Malchus above. She descends into Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah to refine kelipas nogah, but the refinement cannot yet reach its final goal.
הנה הם המונעים ומעכבים עליית המל׳ וצריך שיבוא לה העזר והסיוע מלמעלה תמיד ולכן ארץ לא שבעה מים5 שהוא בחי׳ פקדת הארץ ותשוקקיה כו׳
these are what prevent and hold back the ascent of Malchus, and help and assistance must always come to her from above. Therefore “the earth is not sated with water,” which is the level of “You visited the earth and watered it (vateshokekeha),” etc.,
The parts not yet refined are what hold back her ascent, so she needs constant help from above. This is “the earth is not sated with water,” which is “You visited the earth and watered it.”
ע״י פלג אלקים מלא מים6 שעי״ז דייקא תוכל לעלות [וז״ש תלמיה רוה78 כו׳ כי בחינה זו נק׳ יורה כמ״ש בגמרא פ״ק דתענית ד״ו9 בענין יורה ומלקוש10 שיורה הוא ללחלח הארץ
through “the stream of Elokim is full of water,” for specifically through this she will be able to ascend. [And this is what is written, “Saturating its furrows,” etc.; for this level is called yoreh (the early rain), as is written in the Gemara, the first chapter of Taanis, folio 6, concerning the early rain and the late rain, that the early rain is to moisten the earth
The help comes through “the stream of Elokim is full of water,” the revealed Chasadim, and only through it can Malchus rise. The next verse, “Saturating its furrows,” fits this: the Talmud explains the early rain (yoreh) as the rain that saturates the earth and waters it to the depths, citing that very verse.
(וע׳ ברע״מ משפט ים קט״ו א׳). ובלקוטי הש״ס מהאר״י ז״ל במסכת תענית פי׳ פסוק פקדת ארץ].
(and see the Ra’aya Mehemna, Mishpatim, folio 115a). And in Likkutei HaShas by the Arizal, of blessed memory, on Tractate Taanis, he explains the verse “You visited the earth.”]
He adds two further references: the Ra’aya Mehemna, a section of the Zohar, on Parshas Mishpatim (the printed text reads משפט ים, evidently a misprint for Mishpatim), and the Arizal’s notes on the Talmud (Likkutei HaShas) on Tractate Taanis, which explain the verse “You visited the earth.”
וכמ״כ בחי׳ זו באדם ארץ לא שבעה מים שע״י המצות הנמשלים למים וכמ״ש זורע צדקות11 וכתיב אשריכם זורעי על כל מים.12
And likewise this level in man, “the earth is not sated with water”: through the mitzvos, which are likened to water, as it is written, “He sows righteous deeds (tzedakos),” and it is written, “Happy are you who sow beside all waters,”
The same applies to a person: the “earth” in him is never sated with water. The mitzvos are likened to water and to seed sown by water, as in the morning blessing “He sows righteous deeds (tzedakos)” and the verse “Happy are you who sow beside all waters.”
עי״ז דייקא נמשך הרצון והתשוקה בנפש להיות בבחי׳ ארץ ורצוא כו׳ ותמיד צ״ל המשכה זו כי הגם שהתפלל היום בכוונה עכ״ז מאחר שאח״כ אוכל ושותה ושאר גשמיות.
through this specifically the will and the longing are drawn into the soul, to be at the level of “earth” (eretz) and of ratzo (running), etc. And this drawing down must always take place, for although he prayed today with intention (kavanah), nevertheless, since afterwards he eats and drinks and [engages in] other physical things,
Through the mitzvos will and longing are drawn into the soul, so that it becomes “earth” (eretz), a word whose letters רצ are shared with ratzon (will) and ratzo (running). This must happen constantly: even after praying with full intention, a person goes on to eat, drink and deal with physical things.
ע״כ צריך תמיד לסיוע מלמעלה לעורר התגלות הרצון והיינו ע״י קיום המצות ששרשם מבחי׳ רעוא דכל רעוין כו׳:
therefore he always needs assistance from above to arouse the revelation of will; and that is through the fulfillment of the mitzvos, whose root is from the level of “the will of all wills,” etc.
So a person always needs help from above to awaken the revelation of will. That help comes through keeping the mitzvos, whose root is “the will of all wills.”
Even manna coarsened when Torah was to be received, not because of any lack in Moshe but because the era of complete refinement has not come. The same holds for Malchus above and for every person below: the unrefined residue holds them back, so they always need help from above, “the stream of Elokim full of water,” which comes through the mitzvos rooted in “the will of all wills.”
The parallel passage in Torah Ohr (Yisro) says the same of Moshe: because of the materiality of food he ate nothing for forty days, not even the manna, the bread of angels, because he wished to receive the Torah, which is higher than the angels. It adds that this is why the Torah was not given in Avraham’s time: the world’s materiality had not yet been refined enough for the Infinite Light to be drawn through physical mitzvos.
Marei mekomos
- 1ונחנו מה · Exodus 16:7
- 2תצא ק״נ מטומאתה וחלאתה · Tanya, Likkutei Amarim 37:12
- 3בפ׳ יתרו ע״פ וכל העם רואים · תו״א עד, א.
- 4ע״פ וידבר משה אל ראשי המטות · לקמן פ׳ מטות פא, ג.
- 5ארץ לא שבעה מים · Proverbs 30:16
- 6פלג אלקים מלא מים · Psalms 65:10
- 7תלמי׳ רוה · Psalms 65:11
- 8
- 9פ״ק דתענית ד״ו · ע״א. ראה אוה״ת עקב ע׳ תריד.
- 10יורה ומלקוש · Zohar, Mishpatim 6:383–8:393
- 11זורע צדקות · ברכת יוצר.
- 12אשריכם זורעי על כל מים · Isaiah 32:20
The moon’s diminution and the ascent of speech ¶8–11
8ג והנה כ״ז הוא עכשיו שצ״ל פקדת הארץ שבחי׳ מים של המצות מבחי׳ שם מ״ה גדלה מעלתם מבחי׳ ארץ שם ב״ן כו׳ וזהו ג״כ ענין מיעוט הירח כנ״ל
3. Now, all this is now, when there must be “You visited the earth,” for the level of the water of the mitzvos, from the level of the Name Mah, is greater in stature than the level of “earth,” the Name Ban, etc.; and this is also the meaning of the diminution of the moon, mentioned above.
Section 3 places everything said so far in time: it describes the present, when the “earth” must be “visited” because the “water” of the mitzvos, from the Name Mah, ranks above the “earth,” the Name Ban. This inequality is what the Talmud calls the diminution of the moon, mentioned above.
אבל לע״ל כתיב והיה אור הלבנה1 כאור החמה שיהי׳ זו״נ שוין בקומתן והוא מ״ש בע״ח שער מיעוט הירח ספ״א שתקבל אורותיה מאימא עצמה שלא ע״י ז״א דמיון או״א2 כו׳
But of the Time to Come it is written, “And the light of the moon shall be like the light of the sun”: that Z’eir Anpin and Nukva will be equal in stature. This is what is written in Etz Chaim, Sha’ar Mi’ut HaYareach (the Gate of the Diminution of the Moon), at the end of chapter 1: that she will receive her lights from Imma herself, not through Z’eir Anpin, like Abba and Imma, etc.;
In the Time to Come, Isaiah says, “the light of the moon shall be like the light of the sun”: Z’eir Anpin (the sun) and Nukva (the moon) will be equal in stature. Etz Chaim describes the final stage of the moon’s growth: she will receive her lights from Imma herself, not through Z’eir Anpin, the way Abba and Imma stand as equals.
דהיינו שזו״נ יקבלו שניהם השפע מחכמה עילאה בהשואה א׳ (ועמ״ש מזה בד״ה מהרה ישמע כו׳ משמח חתן עם הכלה).3
that is, that Z’eir Anpin and Nukva will both receive the flow from the higher Chochmah (Chochmah Ila’ah) equally (and see what is written on this in the discourse beginning “Speedily… may there be heard,” etc., “who gladdens the groom with the bride”).
Both Z’eir Anpin and Nukva will then receive the flow directly from the higher Chochmah, in equal measure. The Alter Rebbe refers to his discourse on the last wedding blessing, which ends “who gladdens the groom with the bride,” where groom and bride are these two levels.
ופי׳ הענין הוא דהנה שם ב״ן הוא בחי׳ מל׳ דאצילות שהיא בחי׳ דבור העליון כמ״ש באשר דבר מלך שלטון4 כמו עד״מ במלך בשר ודם שהמלך מנהיג מלכותו בדבורו.
The explanation of the matter is this: the Name Ban is the level of Malchus of Atzilus, which is the level of the supernal speech, as it is written, “Inasmuch as the word of a king is rule,” as, by way of analogy, with a king of flesh and blood, who governs his kingdom by his speech.
To explain this: Ban is Malchus of Atzilus, which is G‑d’s supernal speech. As Koheles says, “the word of a king is rule”: a human king governs his kingdom by his word, so G‑d’s kingship (Malchus) is His speech.
וכך עד״מ למעלה נק׳ בחי׳ מלכות בשם דבור ועמ״ש מזה באגה״ק ד״ה להבין אמרי בינה.5
And so, by way of analogy, above, the level of Malchus is called by the name “speech.” And see what is written on this in Iggeres HaKodesh, in the section beginning “To understand words of understanding.”
Above, too, Malchus is therefore called “speech.” Iggeres HaKodesh (the fourth part of Tanya) explains this in its letter beginning “To understand words of understanding.”
Now, the root of speech is from Chochmah, and it is called “Abba founded the daughter”; “With Chochmah He founded the earth” (as is written in Iggeres HaKodesh on “And David made a name,” there).
Speech has its root in Chochmah, as in the Zohar’s phrase “Abba (Chochmah) founded the daughter (Malchus)” and the verse “With Chochmah He founded the earth,” “earth” being Malchus. Iggeres HaKodesh discusses this in the letter on “And David made a name.”
אך הארת חכמה הנמשכת ומתלבשת באותיות הדבור הנמשכים ומתגלים בבי״ע הוא רק הארה מצומצמת וזהו מיעוט הירח שמתלבשת המל׳ באותיות הדבור המתגלים לחוץ כו׳
But the illumination of Chochmah that is drawn down and enclothed in the letters of speech, which are drawn down and revealed in Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, is only a contracted illumination. And this is the diminution of the moon: that Malchus is enclothed in the letters of speech that are revealed outwardly, etc.
But the light of Chochmah that reaches the letters of speech as they are revealed in Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah is only a contracted glimmer. That is the moon’s diminution: Malchus is clothed in letters of speech that go outward.
אבל לע״ל שיהיו שוין בקומתן היינו שבחי׳ מקור הדבור היא בחי׳ מל׳ דאצילות תתעלה למעלה לקבל השפע דחכמה עילאה כמו שמקבלים המדות מהחכמה שזהו בחי׳ התכללות ועליות הדבור בחכמה.
But in the Time to Come, when they will be equal in stature, that is, the level of the source of speech, which is the level of Malchus of Atzilus, will be raised up to receive the flow of the higher Chochmah, just as the emotive attributes (middos) receive from Chochmah. This is the level of the inclusion and ascent of speech in Chochmah.
In the Time to Come, when sun and moon are equal, Malchus of Atzilus, the source of speech, will rise to receive from the higher Chochmah directly, as the emotive attributes do now. Speech will then be included in Chochmah and raised up into it.
The third section contrasts the present, when the earth of Ban must receive the water of Mah (the moon’s diminution), with the Time to Come, when Z’eir Anpin and Nukva will be equal. Since Malchus is G‑d’s speech and its root is Chochmah, that future equality means speech rising to receive from the higher Chochmah itself.
In Etz Chaim the passage cited ends the description of the stages of the moon’s growth: in the fourth and last stage she uses one crown with Z’eir Anpin, receives her lights from Imma herself and not through him, “like Abba and Imma,” and is complete in all ten Sefiros. Iggeres HaKodesh 25 gives the same reasoning as here: the word of G‑d is called Shechinah by the Sages and Malchus by the Kabbalists, “because of ‘the word of a king is rule,’ for the king governs his kingdom by his speech.”
Marei mekomos
- 1והי׳ אור הלבנה · Isaiah 30:26
- 2שתקבל אורותיה מאימא עצמה שלא ע״י ז״א דמיון או״א · Sefer Etz Chaim 36:3
- 3משמח חתן עם הכלה · Ketubot 8a:6
- 4באשר דבר מלך שלטון · Ecclesiastes 8:4
- 5באגה״ק ד״ה להבין אמרי בינה · סי׳ כה (קלט, א).
- 6אבא יסד ברתא · ת״ז (תכ״ב סא, ב). תס״ט (קה, ב. קו, ב). זח״ג (רמח, א. רנו, ב. רנח, א). [כ].
- 7בחכמה יסד ארץ · Proverbs 3:19
- 8ויעש דוד שם · II Samuel 8:13
- 9ויעש דוד שם · Tanya, Iggeres HaKodesh 5:1
9והוא ע״ד מ״ש במשה רבינו ע״ה כי כבד פה1 וכבד לשון אנכי. דהיינו מפני שהיה מבחי׳ עצמיות חכמה עילאה לא היה יכול כח הדבור
This is like what is written of Moshe Rabbeinu, peace be upon him, “For I am heavy of mouth and heavy of tongue.” That is: because he was from the level of the essence of the higher Chochmah, the power of speech
Moshe told G‑d, “I am heavy of mouth and heavy of tongue.” The Alter Rebbe explains: Moshe’s soul came from the very essence of the higher Chochmah.
שלו לירד ולהתלבש בחיצוניות כ״כ כ״א היה כח הדבור נכלל ומתעלה בעצמיות חכמה כו׳. כך עד״מ למעלה הוא עליית הנוק׳ דבור העליון לקבל מחו״ב עצמן.2
of his could not descend and be enclothed in the outer dimension (chitzoniyus) so much; rather, the power of speech was included and elevated in the essence of Chochmah, etc. So, by way of analogy, above, there is the ascent of Nukva, the supernal speech, to receive from Chochmah and Binah themselves.
Because of that, his power of speech could not descend fully into outward expression; it stayed absorbed in, and raised up into, Chochmah. Above, this corresponds to the ascent of Nukva, the supernal speech, to receive from Chochmah and Binah themselves.
אך לפעמים יש בחינה כזו שהוא להפך וחסרון גדול דהיינו מה שעל זמן חורבן בית המקדש נאמר נאלמתי דומיה3 כו׳
However, at times there is such a state that is the opposite, and a great deficiency: that is, what is said of the time of the destruction of the Holy Temple, “I was mute with silence,” etc.
There is also an opposite kind of silence, a great lack. Of the time of the Temple’s destruction it is said, “I was mute with silence.”
וזהו לגריעותא והיינו שאי אפשר להיות גילוי הדבור מחמת ההסתר של הקליפות כרחל לפני גוזזיה4 נאלמה (וכמ״ש מזה במ״א ע״פ והיה אור הלבנה כו׳).
And this is for the worse: that is, that the revelation of speech is impossible because of the concealment of the kelipos, “like a ewe that is mute before her shearers” (as is explained on this elsewhere, on “And the light of the moon shall be,” etc.).
That silence is a flaw: the kelipos conceal so much that speech cannot be revealed, “like a ewe (rachel) that is mute before her shearers.” Rachel is a name for Malchus, the supernal speech, silenced in exile.
אבל בחי׳ כבד פה דמשה הוא להפך ממש שמצד התגלות הח״ע5 לא יוכל לדבר וזהו ענין עליית הדבור כו׳
But the level of Moshe’s “heavy of mouth” is the very opposite: because of the revelation of the higher Chochmah he could not speak. And this is the concept of the ascent of speech, etc.
Moshe’s heaviness of speech is the very opposite: he could not speak because supernal Chochmah was revealed in him. That is the ascent of speech, not its fall.
(וזהו ענין יונת אלם6 דלשבח קאמר וכענין מלה בסלע7 משתוקא בתרין. והנה עכ״ז אינו מובן דמ״מ לפ״ז אין כאן דבור כלל ואיך נק׳ עליית המל׳ שהוא עליית הדבור. ואפ״ל עפמ״ש באגה״ק ע״פ ויעש דוד.
(And this is the meaning of “the mute dove” (yonas elem), which is said in praise, and like the matter of “A word is worth a sela, silence two.” Now, even so, this is not understood: for nevertheless, according to this there is no speech here at all, so how is it called the ascent of Malchus, which is the ascent of speech? It may be said, according to what is written in Iggeres HaKodesh on “And David made a name,”
So too “the mute dove” in Psalms is said in praise, and the Sages say that if a word is worth a sela, silence is worth two. But a question arises: if there is no speech at all, how can this be called the ascent of Malchus, of speech? The answer comes from Iggeres HaKodesh, in the letter on “And David made a name.”
שהאותיות הן בבחינת חומר וצורה הנק׳ פנימית וחיצונית8 כו׳ ועיקר בחי׳ המל׳ שנק׳ דבור היינו פנימית הדבור והוא המאיר בעולמות עליונים רק בעשייה נמשך ע״י התלבשות בחיצונית הדבור שהוא חומר וגוף האותיות.
that the letters are in the manner of matter and form, which are called the inner dimension and the outer dimension, etc.; and the essential level of Malchus, which is called speech, is the inner dimension (pnimiyus) of speech, and it is what shines in the higher worlds; only in Asiyah is it drawn down by being enclothed in the outer dimension of speech, which is the matter and body of the letters,
That letter explains that letters have form, their inner dimension (the distinct shape of each sound, which comes from the mind and will), and matter, their outer dimension (the breath and voice that carry them). The essence of Malchus is the inner dimension of speech, which shines in the higher worlds; only in Asiyah is it clothed in the outer “body” of the letters.
כמו עד״מ באדם הדבור היוצא לחוץ. ולעתיד שיהי׳ עליות העולמות לא יצטרך להיות ההתלבשות בחומר וחיצוני ות כו׳ וזהו עליית הדבור, גם כמו שתי רוחות מספרות9 זו עם זו הרי הסיפור והדבור שלהם דק
as, by way of analogy, in man, the speech that goes outward. And in the future, when there will be the ascents of the worlds, there will be no need for the enclothement in matter and externality, etc.; and this is the ascent of speech. Also, as when two spirits converse with each other, their conversation and speech is as subtle
This is like human speech that goes out into the world through voice. In the future, when the worlds rise, speech will no longer need that outer clothing, and this is its ascent. The Talmud’s story of two spirits conversing together shows that speech can exist without voice: their speech is as subtle as our thought.
כמו מחשבה שלנו, ועד״ז יובן ענין עליית הדבור. ועמ״ש בפ׳ נח בביאור ע״פ מים רבים בפי׳ ביום שידובר בה10 שהדבור אינו בפ״ע רק בה שאינו נמשך למטה כו׳ ע״ש וזהו כענין מ״ש כאן.
as our thought; and in the same way the concept of the ascent of speech will be understood. And see what is written in Parshas Noach, in the explanation on “Many waters,” on the meaning of “on the day that she is spoken for (sheyedubar bah)”: that the speech is not by itself but “bah,” in her, so that it is not drawn down below, etc.; see there. And this is like the matter written here.
That is how speech can rise without being heard. He refers to the explanation in Parshas Noach on “Many waters,” on “the day that she is spoken for (sheyedubar bah)”: the speech is “in her” (bah), held within, not drawn down below.
ועמ״ש בביאור ע״פ אלה מסעי11 בענין שם מ״ב דאנא בכח גדולת ז׳ פעמים ו׳ וזהו ג״כ ע״ד שבשבת הוא עליית הדבור. ועיין בזהר תרומה דקל״ז ע״א בפי׳ אין אמר ואין דברים12 כשאר אמירן דעלמא כו׳
And see what is written in the explanation on “These are the journeys,” concerning the Name of forty-two [letters] of “Ana b’choach gedulas,” seven times six; and this too is along the lines that on Shabbos there is the ascent of speech. And see the Zohar, Terumah, folio 137a, on the meaning of “There is no speech and there are no words” like the other utterances of the world, etc.,
He also refers to the explanation on “These are the journeys,” about the forty-two-letter Name hidden in the prayer Ana b’choach (seven lines of six words), connected with the ascent of speech on Shabbos. The Zohar on Terumah reads Psalms 19, “There is no speech and there are no words,” as speech unlike ordinary utterances.
אלא הם בחי׳ בלי נשמע קולם ואעפ״כ בכל הארץ יצא קום13 ע״ש היטב ובזהר בראשית ד״נ ע״ב ועד״ז איתא בפי׳ הרמ״ז בזהר פ׳ ואתחנן דר״ס ע״ב גבי רב לך1415 בענין וישמע את הקול מדבר אליו16 כו׳
but rather they are the level of “their voice is not heard,” and even so “their line has gone out through all the earth”; see there well; and the Zohar, Bereishis, folio 50b. And along these lines it is found in the commentary of the Ramaz on the Zohar, Parshas Va’eschanan, folio 260b, regarding “Enough for you,” concerning “And he heard the voice speaking to him,” etc.:
Such speech is “their voice is not heard,” and yet “their line has gone out through all the earth”: it acts without being heard. He adds a passage of the Zohar on Bereishis, and the Ramaz’s commentary on the Zohar’s comment on “Enough for you” in Va’eschanan, which explains in the same way “And he heard the voice speaking to him,” the voice Moshe heard in the Tent of Meeting.
שלא ע״י כלי הדבור רק בפנימיות כו׳ הוא שרש הדבור בפנימיותו כו׳ ע״ש ואפשר דהיינו פרצוף הפנימי דמלכות) (וכמ״ש מזה במ״א בביאור מאמר הזהר ר״פ בראשית17 כשושנה18 כו׳ כן רעיתי19 כו׳).
not through the instruments of speech but in the inner dimension, etc.; it is the root of speech in its inner dimension, etc.; see there. And perhaps this is the inner configuration (partzuf) of Malchus.) (And as is explained on this elsewhere, in the explanation of the Zohar’s statement at the beginning of Parshas Bereishis, “Like a rose,” etc., “so is My beloved,” etc.)
That voice spoke not through organs of speech but inwardly: it is the root of speech in its inner dimension, perhaps what Kabbalah calls the inner partzuf (configuration) of Malchus. He also refers to a discourse on the Zohar’s opening words, “Like a rose among thorns, so is My beloved among the daughters.”
ובמ״א נתבאר באופן אחר20 שעתה הדבור אינו מקבל הארת ח״ע אלא ע״י המדות עליונות אבל לעתיד יקבל הדבור מח״ע עצמה שלא ע״י המדות כו׳
And elsewhere it is explained in another way: that now speech receives the illumination of the higher Chochmah only through the supernal emotive attributes, but in the future speech will receive from the higher Chochmah itself, not through the attributes, etc.
Elsewhere the ascent of speech is explained differently: now speech receives Chochmah’s light only through the emotive attributes, but in the future it will receive from the higher Chochmah itself, without them.
ועמ״ש מזה ע״פ והיה מדי חדש בחדשו2122 ועמ״ש במ״א ע״פ שמח תשמח23 רעים האהובים24 בפי׳ ע״כ יעזוב איש25 את אביו ואת אמו כו׳
And see what is written on this on “And it shall be, from new moon to new moon,” and see what is written elsewhere on “Gladden the beloved companions,” on the meaning of “Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother,” etc.,
That explanation is found in the discourse on “And it shall be, from new moon to new moon,” and in a discourse on the wedding blessing “Gladden the beloved companions,” on the verse “Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother.”
אך ע״י השמחה כו׳ ע״ש אך מ״מ כשהדבור עצמו מקבל מחו״ב עצמן זהו בחינה גבוה יותר.26
but through joy, etc.; see there. But nevertheless, when speech itself receives from Chochmah and Binah themselves, this is a higher level.
That discourse goes on to speak of the role of joy. Still, he concludes, when speech receives from Chochmah and Binah themselves, as explained here, that is a higher level.
The paragraph illustrates the ascent of speech through Moshe’s “heavy mouth”: his speech stayed absorbed in supernal Chochmah, the opposite of the silence of exile, when kelipos stifle speech. It answers how silence can be called an ascent of speech: the essence of speech is its inner dimension, which needs no audible voice, and in the future it will no longer need its outer clothing; it closes with a second explanation, that speech will then receive from Chochmah without the emotive attributes in between.
The Kehot note on the ascent of Nukva points to the Rebbe Rashab’s Hemshech 5672 and suggests that receiving “from Chochmah and Binah themselves” also means receiving without Z’eir Anpin as intermediary. Iggeres HaKodesh 5, the letter cited, identifies the “matter” of the letters as the breath that comes from the heart and becomes a simple voice in the throat before dividing into twenty-two sounds, and their “form” as the shape of each sound, which comes from the hidden intellect and the will of the soul.
Marei mekomos
- 1כי כבד פה · Exodus 4:10
- 2עליית הנוק׳ . . לקבל מחו״ב עצמן · ראה תער״ב-ג ע׳ א׳שנה, שכ״ה בס״י שער כח [אוצ״ל בסידור שער ר״ח]. וי״ל שזהו גם שלא ע״י מעביר הז״א, ע״ש.
- 3נאלמתי דומי׳ · Psalms 39:3
- 4כרחל לפני גוזזי׳ · Isaiah 53:7
- 5שמצד התגלות הח״ע · ראה אוה״ת שמות ע׳ מב.
- 6יונת אלם · Psalms 56:1
- 7מלה בסלע · Megillah 18a:11
- 8שהאותיות הן בבחינת חומר וצורה הנק׳ פנימית וחיצונית · Tanya, Iggeres HaKodesh 5:6–7
- 9שתי רוחות מספרות · Berakhot 18b:7–8
- 10ביום שידובר בה · Song of Songs 8:8
- 11בביאור ע״פ אלה מסעי · לקו״ת פ׳ מסעי צ, א.
- 12אין אמר ואין דברים · Psalms 19:4
- 13בכל הארץ יצא קום · Psalms 19:5
- 14רב לך · Deuteronomy 3:26
- 15רב לך · Zohar, Vaetchanan 2:9–4:17
- 16וישמע את הקול מדבר אליו · Numbers 7:89
- 17בביאור מאמר הזהר ר״פ בראשית · ראה ביאה״ז להצ״צ-ב ע׳ תקפח ואילך.
- 18כשושנה · Zohar, Introduction 1:1–2:4
- 19כשושנה כו׳ כן רעיתי · Song of Songs 2:2
- 20ובמ״א נתבאר באופן אחר · ראה ביאה״ז לאדה״א קלט, א ואילך. אוה״ת שמות ע׳ לט. דרך מצותיך סט, א ואילך.
- 21ע״פ והי׳ מדי חדש בחדשו · לקמן פ׳ ברכה צז סע״ב ואילך.
- 22והיה מדי חדש בחדשו · Isaiah 66:23
- 23ע״פ שמח תשמח · סידור.
- 24שמח תשמח רעים האהובים · Ketubot 8a:5–6
- 25ע״כ יעזוב איש · Genesis 2:24
- 26
10ובמ״א נתבאר עוד בפי׳ אז נדברו1 יראי ה׳ דפי׳ נדברו הוא הדבור אשר בא ממילא ומאליו והיינו בחינת ודברי אשר שמתי בפיך2 רק שתען לשוני אמרתך3
And elsewhere it is further explained, on the meaning of “Then those who fear Havayah spoke (nidberu),” that the meaning of nidberu is speech that comes on its own and of itself; that is, the level of “And My words that I have put in your mouth,” only that “my tongue will echo Your word,”
Malachi says, “Then those who fear Havayah spoke (nidberu) to one another,” and the form nidberu suggests speech that happens of itself, “was spoken.” It is the speech of “My words that I have put in your mouth,” where a person’s tongue only echoes G‑d’s word.
והיינו ע״י בחי׳ הביטול בעסק התורה וכמ״ש המגיד להב״י אני המשנה המדברת בפיך4 וע״ד שכינה מדברת5 מתוך גרונו של משה.
and that is through the level of self-nullification (bittul) in the study of Torah, as the Maggid said to the Beis Yosef, “I am the Mishnah that speaks in your mouth,” and in the manner of “The Shechinah speaks from the throat of Moshe.”
One reaches this through bittul, setting oneself aside, while studying Torah. The heavenly Maggid told Rabbi Yosef Karo, author of the Beis Yosef, “I am the Mishnah that speaks in your mouth,” and it is said that “the Shechinah speaks from the throat of Moshe.”
Another explanation of elevated speech: nidberu is speech that comes of itself, when a person is so nullified in Torah study that G‑d’s word speaks through him.
Marei mekomos
- 1אז נדברו · Malachi 3:16
- 2ודברי אשר שמתי בפיך · Isaiah 59:21
- 3תען לשוני אמרתך · Psalms 119:172
- 4אני המשנה המדברת בפיך · מגיד מישרים פ׳ ויקרא (חזיון הראשון). ובכ״מ שם.
- 5שכינה מדברת · ועל״ק בואתחנן (ג, ד). וש״נ. [כ].
11ועד״ז י״ל ג״כ פי׳ וענין ביום שידובר בה1 שזהו בחי׳ אז נדברו כו׳. וזהו ענין לרוקע הארץ על המים2 שבחי׳ שם ב״ן שנקרא ארץ לא יצטרך לקבל משם מ״ה שהוא ז״א הנק׳ מים כו׳
And along these lines one can also explain the meaning and concept of “on the day that she is spoken for (sheyedubar bah),” that this is the level of “Then [they] spoke (nidberu),” etc. And this is the meaning of “Who spreads out the earth above the waters”: that the level of the Name Ban, which is called “earth,” will not need to receive from the Name Mah, which is Z’eir Anpin, called “water,” etc.
“The day that she is spoken for” can be read the same way, as the self-arising speech of nidberu. And the verse “Who spreads out the earth above the waters” describes the future, when “earth,” the Name Ban, will stand above the “water” and no longer need to receive from the Name Mah, Z’eir Anpin.
וזהו הנני בורא חדשה3 בארץ נקבה תסובב גבר ולא תהיה צריכה למים כו׳ וכמ״ש במ״א:
And this is “Behold, I create a new thing in the earth: a female shall encompass a male”; and she will not need water, etc., as is explained elsewhere.
The verse in Jeremiah speaks of “a new thing in the earth: a female shall encompass a male.” In the future the feminine, Nukva, will surround and rise above the masculine, Z’eir Anpin, and will no longer need his “water.”
The section closes by showing the future reversal in two verses: the earth spread “above the waters,” and “a female shall encompass a male,” when Malchus will no longer need to receive from Z’eir Anpin.
The Kehot note on [11.2] points out that the verse in Jeremiah reads “For Havayah has created (bara) a new thing,” while the text quotes it as “Behold, I create.”
Marei mekomos
- 1ביום שידובר בה · Song of Songs 8:8
- 2לרוקע הארץ על המים · Psalms 136:6
- 3הנני בורא חדשה · Jeremiah 31:22
A number beyond counting ¶12–13
12ד והנה ע״ז נאמר והיה מספר בנ״י כחול הים אשר לא ימד ולא יספר.1 כי הנה בחינת מספר נופל על דבר שהוא בבחינת התחלקות ופירוד.
4. Now, of this it is said, “And the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which can be neither measured nor counted.” For the concept of number applies to something that is in a state of division and separateness.
Section 4 returns to the maamar’s verse from Hosea, which speaks of a “number” that can be neither measured nor counted, a seeming contradiction. Counting applies only to things that are divided and separate from one another.
והתחלקות זו נמשך מבחי׳ הגבורות וזהו ענין התחלקות הקול וההבל בכ״ב אותיות הדבור שבה׳ מוצאות שהוא ע״י ה״ג מנצפ״ך.
And this division derives from the level of the Gevuros. And this is the concept of the division of the voice and the breath into the twenty-two letters of speech, in the five places of articulation, which is through the five Gevuros, mem-nun-tzadi-pei-kaf.
Division comes from the Gevuros, the powers of restraint that set limits and distinctions. So the single breath and voice divide into the twenty-two letters at the five places of articulation in the mouth, through the five Gevuros associated with the five letters that have final forms, mem, nun, tzadi, pei and kaf.
ועד״ז גם המצות הם בבחינת מספר לפי שהתורה נמשך מבחינת גבורה מימינו אש דת2 כו׳.
And in the same way the mitzvos, too, are in the category of number, because the Torah is drawn from the level of Gevurah: “From His right hand, a fiery law,” etc.
The mitzvos, too, have a number, 613, because the Torah comes from Gevurah: it was given as “a fiery law,” and fire is Gevurah.
The fourth section begins to explain the maamar’s verse: number belongs to what is divided, division comes from the Gevuros, and so the letters of speech and the mitzvos of the Torah, which come from Gevurah, are counted.
Marei mekomos
- 1והיה מספר בנ״י כחול הים אשר לא ימד ולא יספר · Hosea 2:1
- 2מימינו אש דת · Deuteronomy 33:2
13והנה כתיב ולתבונתו אין מספר12 פי׳ שעיקר התהוות ההתחלקות המדרגות עד ששייך בחינת מספר זהו אחר סיום יסוד אימא
Now, it is written, “And to His understanding there is no number.” The meaning is that the essential coming into being of the division of the levels, to the point that the concept of number applies, is after the end of the Yesod of Imma,
Psalms says of G‑d, “to His understanding (tevunah) there is no number.” The Alter Rebbe explains: the division of levels into distinct, countable things begins only where the Yesod of Imma (Binah) ends.
דהיינו למטה מהחזה דז״א ששם החו״ג מגולים ומתחלקים החסדים לג׳ קוין עד ששם שרש בחי׳ מספר ומשם מקבלת המל׳ שמתחלת מהחזה ולמטה כו׳.
that is, below the chest of Z’eir Anpin, where the Chasadim and Gevuros are revealed and the Chasadim divide into three lines, so that the root of the concept of number is there; and from there Malchus receives, for she begins from the chest downward, etc.
That point is the chest of Z’eir Anpin. Below it the Chasadim and Gevuros are revealed and the Chasadim spread into the three lines (right, left and center), so number has its root there; and Malchus, which is built from the chest down, receives from there.
אבל לתבונתו היינו במקום שהחו״ג מכוסים ביסוד אימא הם בבחי׳ אחדות והתכללות כל החסדים דג׳ קוין באחדות א׳ ממש ביסוד אימא
But “His understanding” is where the Chasadim and Gevuros are covered within the Yesod of Imma: they are in a state of unity and inclusion, all the Chasadim of the three lines in truly one unity, within the Yesod of Imma;
“His understanding” is Binah, where the Chasadim and Gevuros are still covered within the Yesod of Imma. There all the Chasadim of the three lines are truly one.
ולכן הם בבחי׳ אין מספר למעלה מבחינת ומדרגת המספר דאינו שייך אלא בבחינת התחלקות משא״כ למעלה בעלמא דאתכסיא הם בבחינת אחדות והתכללות וביטול באור א״ס ב״ה שלמעלה מבחינת התחלקות המדרגות וזהו ולתבונתו דייקא אין מספר.
and therefore they are in the state of “there is no number,” above the category and level of number, which applies only to a state of division; whereas above, in the hidden world, they are in a state of unity, inclusion and self-nullification (bittul) in the Infinite Light (Or Ein Sof), blessed be He, which is above the division of the levels. And this is “And to His understanding,” specifically, “there is no number,”
So there they are “without number,” above counting, which applies only to what is divided. In the hidden world everything is united, included and nullified in the Infinite Light; this is why the verse says “to His understanding,” specifically, “there is no number.”
שהוא בחי׳ סתים שלמעלה מבחינת גליא (ועיין מזה בלק״ת סוף תהלים ע״פ ולתבונתו אין מספר ועיין בזוהר ס״פ תרומה דקע״א ע״ב).3
which is the level of the concealed (setim), which is above the level of the revealed (galya) (and see on this the Arizal’s Likkutei Torah, at the end of Tehillim, on “And to His understanding there is no number”; and see the Zohar at the end of Parshas Terumah, folio 171b).
Binah is the concealed (setim) level, above the revealed (galya). The Arizal’s Likkutei Torah on this verse and the Zohar at the end of Terumah, which applies it to G‑d who counts the stars, discuss it further.
ועמ״ש בביאור ע״פ אלה מסעי המתחיל לבאר ענין המסעות בענין לא יחפוץ כסיל4 בתבונה כו׳ דשם נתבאר ששם בחי׳ סתים הוא התגלות עתיק כו׳
And see what is written in the explanation on “These are the journeys,” which begins “To explain the concept of the journeys,” on “A fool does not desire understanding,” etc., where it is explained that there the level of the concealed is the revelation of Atik, etc.,
He refers to the explanation on “These are the journeys” that opens “To explain the concept of the journeys,” where he expounds “A fool does not desire understanding.” There it is explained that the concealed level within understanding is the revelation of Atik, the inner level of Keser.
ונקרא עץ החיים ועיין בפי׳ הרמ״ז בזהר פ׳ במדבר דקי״ז בפי׳ והיה מספר כו׳ דמבואר ממש ע״ד שנתבאר כאן.
and it is called the Tree of Life. And see the commentary of the Ramaz on the Zohar, Parshas Bamidbar, folio 117, on the meaning of “And the number… shall be,” etc., where it is explained exactly along the lines explained here.
That level is called the Tree of Life. The Ramaz, commenting on the Zohar’s discussion of “And the number… shall be” in Parshas Bamidbar, explains the verse exactly as here.
והנה עכשיו המל׳ שהיא הדבור עליון מקבל מבחינת ז״א והיינו מהחזה ולמטה ששם מתחיל בנין הנוק׳
Now, at present Malchus, which is the supernal speech, receives from the level of Z’eir Anpin, that is, from the chest downward, where the building of Nukva begins;
Now Malchus, the supernal speech, receives from Z’eir Anpin only from the chest downward, where the “building” of Nukva begins.
ולכן נקרא מספר בנ״י שמשם הוא שרש בחינת מספר (וגם משם הוא שרש בחינת התהוות הזמן כמ״ש בלק״ת פ׳ בראשית והיינו כי הזמן הוא ג״כ בחינת מספר והתחלקות)
and therefore it is called “the number of the children of Israel,” for from there is the root of the concept of number (and from there, too, is the root of the coming into being of time, as is written in the Arizal’s Likkutei Torah, Parshas Bereishis; that is, because time too is a matter of number and division).
That is why the verse speaks of “the number of the children of Israel”: Malchus, the source of the souls, receives from the place where number begins. Time comes from there too, as the Arizal teaches, for time is also measured and divided.
אבל לע״ל שתתעלה המל׳ שהיא הדבור לקבל מבחינת חו״ב עצמן שהוא בחינת ולתבונתו אין מספר אזי יהיה בחינת והיה מספר בנ״י כו׳ אשר לא ימד ולא יספר.
But in the Time to Come, when Malchus, which is speech, will be raised to receive from the level of Chochmah and Binah themselves, which is the level of “And to His understanding there is no number,” then there will be the level of “And the number of the children of Israel shall be,” etc., “which can be neither measured nor counted.”
In the Time to Come Malchus will rise to receive from Chochmah and Binah themselves, the level of “to His understanding there is no number.” Then Israel will have a “number” and yet be beyond all measure and count, just as the verse says.
דהיינו שגם עלמא דאתגליא שהוא עכשיו בבחינת מספר. יהיה לעתיד במדרגת בחינת סתים ועלמא דאתכסיא אשר הוא בבחינת אין מספר.
That is, even the revealed world, which is now in the category of number, will in the future be at the level of the concealed and of the hidden world, which is in the category of “there is no number.”
Even the revealed world, which is now counted and divided, will then stand at the level of the hidden world, which is beyond number.
והיינו על ידי התשובה שהיא בחינת בינה ליבא5 ולתבונתו אין מספר כו׳ (ולכן עי״ז והיה במקום אשר יאמר להם לא עמי אתם יאמר להם בני אל חי6 דהפי׳ במקום ממש כי זדונות נעשו כזכיות כנזכר לעיל.
And this is through teshuvah (return), which is the level of “Binah is the heart,” and “to His understanding there is no number,” etc. (And therefore through this, “and it shall be that in the place where it is said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ it shall be said to them, ‘Children of the living G‑d’”: the meaning is “in the place” literally, for intentional sins become like merits, as mentioned above.
This comes through teshuvah, which is Binah, “the heart,” beyond number. That is why, in the very place where it was said “You are not My people,” they will be called “children of the living G‑d”: through teshuvah intentional sins themselves become merits, as mentioned earlier.
ומזה יובן ג״כ ענין יום הכפורים789 שהוא יום הסליחה משום שאז עליית המל׳ בבחינת ולתבונתו אין מספר) (כמ״ש בזהר פ׳ אמור דף ק׳ ע״ב ודף ק״ב ע״א ובשאר דוכתי)
And from this the concept of Yom Kippur will also be understood: it is the day of forgiveness because then is the ascent of Malchus into the level of “to His understanding there is no number.”) (As is written in the Zohar, Parshas Emor, folio 100b and folio 102a, and in other places.)
Yom Kippur, the day of forgiveness, works the same way: on that day Malchus rises to Binah, the level beyond number. The Zohar on Emor says that on Yom Kippur the supernal Mother shines into the lower Mother, two lights shining as one.
וזהו ביום ההוא10 יהיה ופי׳ בלק״ת שאותיות דשם הוי׳. יהיו לעתיד בבחינת יהיה ב״פ י״ה.
And this is “On that day shall be (yihyeh),” which the Arizal’s Likkutei Torah explains: that the letters of the Name Havayah will in the future be in the form of yihyeh (יהיה), yud-hei twice.
Zechariah says, “On that day Havayah shall be (yihyeh) One.” The Arizal reads the word yihyeh (יהיה), yud-hei written twice, as the future form of the Name Havayah.
ור״ל שמדרגת ו״ה שהם זו״נ יהיו לע״ל כמו בחי׳ י״ה שהם או״א וזהו ממש ענין הנ״ל דוהיה מספר כו׳
That is to say: the level of vav-hei, which are Z’eir Anpin and Nukva, will in the Time to Come be like the level of yud-hei, which are Abba and Imma. And this is exactly the matter mentioned above, of “And the number… shall be,” etc.,
The second half of the Name, vav-hei (Z’eir Anpin and Nukva), will become like the first half, yud-hei (Abba and Imma). This is the same idea as the verse about a number that cannot be counted.
אשר לא יספר לפי שעכשיו המל׳ שהיא ה׳ אחרונה דשם הוי׳ בחי׳ דבר ה׳ מקבלת מבחינת ו׳ שהוא המשכה מיו״ד שבראשו מה שנמשך ויורד מלמעלה למטה ועמ״ש מזה בד״ה ושבתי בשלום11
“which cannot be counted”: for now Malchus, which is the last hei of the Name Havayah, the level of “the word of G‑d,” receives from the level of vav, which is a drawing down from the yud at its head, what is drawn and descends from above to below (and see what is written on this in the discourse beginning “And I return in peace”),
Now Malchus, the last hei of the Name, “the word of G‑d,” receives through the vav. The vav is the yud drawn downward, a letter whose head is a yud with a line extending below it; the discourse on “And I return in peace” discusses this.
כמו בחינת מים יורדים מגבוה לנמוך ואינו עצמיות היו״ד ממש כ״א שהולך ומתקצר ונעשה קו דק יותר הרבה מהיו״ד עצמו שבראשו
like the level of water that descends from high to low; and it is not the actual essence of the yud, but rather it goes on narrowing and becomes a line much thinner than the yud itself at its head;
Like water flowing from high to low, the vav is not the yud’s essence: it narrows into a line much thinner than the yud at its head.
והוא ענין קלישת האור כמ״ש במ״א12 בענין כפילא וקלישא ומבחינת הוי״ו נמשך לבחינת ה׳ תתאה
and this is the concept of the thinning of the light, as is explained elsewhere on the concept of “doubled and thinned” (kefila uklisha). And from the level of the vav it is drawn to the level of the lower hei.
This is the “thinning” of the light, which Torah Ohr explains as “doubled and thinned” (kefila uklisha): the yud drawn out into a vav. From the vav the flow continues to the lower hei, Malchus.
אבל בחינת י״ה אינו ע״י המשכה אלא כי היו״ד עצמו מתגלה בה׳ והכל בחינה אחת.
But the level of yud-hei is not through a drawing down; rather, the yud itself is revealed in the hei, and it is all one level.
The first two letters relate differently: the hei of yud-hei is not a drawing down from the yud; the yud itself is revealed in it, so they are a single level.
(ועיין בספר עטרת זקנים בא״ח סי׳ ל״ב גבי כתיבת אות ה׳ ראשונה דשם ועמ״ש מזה בביאור ע״פ ולא אבה13 ה׳ אלקיך)
(And see the book Ateres Zekeinim on Orach Chaim, section 32, regarding the writing of the first letter hei of the Name; and see what is written on this in the explanation on “But Havayah your G‑d would not.”)
Ateres Zekeinim, a commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, discusses at section 32 how the first hei of the Name is written. He also refers to his explanation on “But Havayah your G‑d would not listen to Bilaam.”
אכן לע״ל יתעלה העולם שבחינת עלמא דאתגליא יהיה בבחינות ומדרגות עלמא דאתכסיא ויהיה זו״נ המדות והדבור ג״כ בבחינות י״ה שהם או״א
However, in the Time to Come the world will be elevated, so that the revealed world will be at the levels and grades of the hidden world, and Z’eir Anpin and Nukva, the emotive attributes and speech, will also be at the levels of yud-hei, which are Abba and Imma
In the Time to Come the world will rise: the revealed world will reach the levels of the hidden world, and Z’eir Anpin and Nukva, the emotive attributes and speech, will stand at the level of yud-hei, Abba and Imma.
(ע״ד משנ״ת בע״ח שער מיעוט הירח ספ״א כנזכר לעיל). וזהו ג״כ ענין ונקבצו בני יהודה ובנ״י יחדו.14
(along the lines of what is explained in Etz Chaim, Sha’ar Mi’ut HaYareach, at the end of chapter 1, as mentioned above). And this is also the meaning of “And the children of Yehudah and the children of Israel shall be gathered together”:
This matches Etz Chaim on the moon receiving from Imma herself, cited above. It is also the meaning of the next verse in Hosea, “And the children of Yehudah and the children of Israel shall be gathered together.”
שיחו״ת יהיה ג״כ במדרגת יחו״ע. ופי׳ כי יהודה הוא בבחינת מל׳ איהי בהוד וישראל לי ראש היינו בחינת ז״א מהחזה ולמעלה שבו מאירין המוחין דאו״א.
that the lower unity (yichuda tata’ah) will also be at the level of the higher unity (yichuda ila’ah). The explanation is that Yehudah is the level of Malchus, “she is in Hod,” and Yisrael is li rosh (“a head for Me”), that is, the level of Z’eir Anpin from the chest upward, in which the intellect (mochin) of Abba and Imma shines.
That gathering means the lower unity will reach the level of the higher unity. Yehudah is Malchus, for the name Yehudah contains hod and Malchus is “in Hod”; Yisrael, whose letters spell li rosh, “a head for Me,” is Z’eir Anpin above the chest, where the intellect of Abba and Imma shines.
ולעתיד תהיה ספירת המל׳ ג״כ במדרגת ז״א אור הלבנה כאור החמה.15 ועמ״ש ע״פ ויגש אליו יהודה1617 וע״פ יהודה אתה1819 וע״פ כי תשמע בקול כו׳ לעשות הישר בעיני20 כו׳.
And in the future the Sefirah of Malchus will also be at the level of Z’eir Anpin: “the light of the moon like the light of the sun.” And see what is written on “And Yehudah approached him,” and on “Yehudah, you,” and on “When you listen to the voice,” etc., “to do what is right in the eyes,” etc.
In the future Malchus will stand at the level of Z’eir Anpin, “the light of the moon like the light of the sun.” He refers to his discourses on “And Yehudah approached him,” on “Yehudah, you,” and on “When you listen to the voice… to do what is right in the eyes.”
וזהו ושמו להם ראש אחד שהוא בחינת תפארת דאימא שיהיה כתר לשניהן בשוה (ועמ״ש בפ׳ תרומה גבי ענין הכרובים):
And this is “and they shall appoint for themselves one head,” which is the level of Tiferes of Imma, which will be a crown for both of them equally (and see what is written in Parshas Terumah regarding the concept of the cherubim).
Hosea continues, “and they shall appoint for themselves one head”: Tiferes of Imma will be a single crown for both Z’eir Anpin and Nukva equally. He refers to Torah Ohr on Parshas Terumah, on the cherubim.
The paragraph resolves the verse: number begins below the chest of Z’eir Anpin, where the covered Chasadim of Binah are revealed and divided, and Malchus now receives from there; in the future, through teshuvah, Malchus will rise to Binah, “to His understanding there is no number,” so Israel’s number will be beyond measure. The same future is read into yihyeh, the Name’s vav-hei becoming like its yud-hei, and into the next verse of Hosea, the gathering of Yehudah and Yisrael under “one head.”
The Kehot note on the Zohar at the end of Terumah quotes the Tzemach Tzedek’s Yahel Or: “Great is our L‑rd” (Psalms 147:5) refers to Malchus, called Ado-nai, the flow into Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, while “Great is Havayah” (Psalms 48:2) refers to Z’eir Anpin, what shines in Atzilus. Torah Ohr, Chayei Sarah, the place the note gives for “doubled and thinned,” explains “thinned” as yuds drawn out into vavs, and ends by saying that in the future the upper hei itself will be revealed below, as in “On that day Havayah shall be (yihyeh).”
Marei mekomos
- 1ולתבונתו אין מספר · Psalms 147:5
- 2ולתבונתו אין מספר · Zohar, Terumah 86:832–840
- 3ועיין בזוהר ס״פ תרומה דקע״א ע״ב · ”ההפרש בין פסוק זה [תהלים מח, ב גדול ה׳ ומהולל] ובין גדול אדונינו, הוא כי גדול אדונינו קאי על מל׳ הנקרא אדני ופסוק גדול ה׳ קאי על ז״א, ור״ל כי גדול אדונינו זהו ההמשכה בבי״ע וגדול הוי׳ היינו מה שמאיר באצילות” — יהל אור ע׳ קפא.
- 4לא יחפוץ כסיל · Proverbs 18:2
- 5בינה ליבא · Tikkunei Zohar 17a:17–19
- 6והיה במקום אשר יאמר להם לא עמי אתם יאמר להם בני אל חי · Hosea 2:1
- 7ומזה יובן ג״כ ענין יום הכפורים · ראה אוה״ת דרושים ליום הכפורים ע׳ א׳תקסד.
- 8יום הכפורים · Zohar, Emor 38:202–40:226
- 9יום הכפורים · Zohar, Emor 40:244–252
- 10ביום ההוא יהי׳ · Zechariah 14:9
- 11ושבתי בשלום · Genesis 28:21
- 12כמ״ש במ״א · בתו״א ר״פ ח״ש. [כ].
- 13ולא אבה ה׳ אלקיך · Deuteronomy 23:6
- 14ונקבצו בני יהודה ובנ״י יחדו · Hosea 2:2
- 15אור הלבנה כאור החמה · Isaiah 30:26
- 16ע״פ ויגש אליו יהודה · תו״א מד, א. נתבאר בסה״מ תקס״ה ע׳ תקצז שלשון יהודה הוא ענין ההודאה וענין ההודאה הוא מלמטה למעלה דוקא . . . וזהו שנאמר ביהודה ויגש אליו יהודה פי׳ שנגש ונתעלה בחי׳ יהודה שהוא עולם הדיבור לגבי בחי׳ יוסף, ע״ש, וזה מה שנתבאר בתו״א שם.
- 17ויגש אליו יהודה · Genesis 44:18
- 18וע״פ יהודה אתה · Nehemiah 11:17
- 19יהודה אתה · Genesis 49:8
- 20כי תשמע בקול כו׳ לעשות הישר בעיני · Deuteronomy 13:19
Finished the maamar?
Mark it as learned; it counts toward the week and the year’s siyum.
In one’s avodah
The maamar draws several lessons. Contemplating G‑d with one’s intellect and the depth of one’s understanding brings a love and awe hidden in the mind into the open in the heart, as “Who created these.” Because eating, drinking and physical life after prayer coarsen the soul, a person can never rely on himself alone: he always needs help from above, which comes through keeping the mitzvos, rooted in “the will of all wills,” and so one should run even to a light mitzvah. Teshuvah reaches Binah, beyond all number, and turns sins into merits; and self-nullification in Torah study lets speech come of itself, as “the Shechinah speaks from the throat of Moshe.”
Questions for discussion
- Why does the maamar say that the letters eleh are still hidden while they stand inside the word Elokim, and what corresponds to this in a person’s love of G‑d?
- If eating with holy intention refines food, why did Moshe, who knew those intentions perfectly, eat nothing for forty days, not even the manna?
- How can Moshe’s “heavy mouth” be an ascent of speech rather than a lack of it, and how does it differ from the silence “I was mute with silence”?
- Why is number tied to division and Gevurah, and how can Israel’s number become “beyond measure and count”?
- What does teshuvah have in common with Binah and with Yom Kippur, according to the maamar?
Key terms in this maamar
- The Name Elokimאלקים
- G‑d as concealed within nature, measuring and limiting. ×7
- The Name Havayahהוי׳
- The Tetragrammaton: G‑d as transcending time and bringing all into being.
- Chochmah (wisdom)חכמה
- The first flash of insight. ×15
- Binah (understanding)בינה
- Developing and grasping an insight in detail. ×5
- The emotive attributes (middos)מדות
- Love, awe, compassion and the rest. ×7
- Z'eir Anpin (the emotive attributes)ז״א
- The six emotive Sefiros as one configuration.
- The intellect (mochin)מוחין
- Chochmah, Binah and Daas as a whole. ×3
- Abba and Imma (Chochmah and Binah)אבא ואמא
- The intellectual configurations.
- Yesod (foundation)יסוד
- The channel that connects and transmits. ×7
- Chesed (kindness)חסד
- Expansive giving. ×1
- Netzach (victory)נצח
- Perseverance, the drive to overcome.
- Hod (splendor)הוד
- Acknowledgment and yielding. ×1
- Willרצון
- Desire; in G‑d, the level above intellect. ×5
- Gevurah (restraint)גבורה
- Measure, limitation and judgment. ×1
- The Sefirosספירות
- The ten divine attributes through which G‑d relates to creation.
- Keser (the Crown)כתר
- The level above intellect: divine will and delight. ×3
- Malchus (sovereignty)מלכות
- Kingship: the level through which G‑d's word creates and rules the worlds. ×2
- The World of Atzilus (Emanation)אצילות
- The highest world, still one with G‑d. ×4
- The World of Beriah (Creation)בריאה
- The first world of separate existence.
- The World of Yetzirah (Formation)יצירה
- The world of the angels and emotions.
- The World of Asiyah (Action)עשיה
- The lowest world, including our physical one.
- Kelipah (the husk)קליפה
- The forces of concealment that oppose holiness.
- The Shechinah (Divine Presence)שכינה
- G‑d's presence as it dwells in the world. ×2
- The outer dimension (chitzoniyus)חיצוניות
- The external, expressive aspect. ×1
- Nukva (the feminine / Malchus)נוקבא
- Malchus as the receiving configuration.
- The inner dimension (pnimiyus)פנימיות
- The innermost core of a level. ×1
- Self-nullification (bittul)ביטול
- Setting aside one's own sense of self before G‑d. ×2
- The Infinite Light (Or Ein Sof)אור אין סוף
- G‑d's light as it is, beyond all limits, before any contraction.
- Teshuvah (return)תשובה
- Returning to G‑d; not only repentance. ×1
- The lower unity (yichuda tata'ah)יחודא תתאה
- G‑d is present within the world's existence.
- The higher unity (yichuda ila'ah)יחודא עילאה
- The world is nothing next to G‑d.
- Tiferes (beauty)תפארת
- Harmony of kindness and restraint; associated with compassion. ×1