Likkutei Torah · Parshas V’Zos HaBerachah · Maamar 6
מזמור שיר חנכת הבית לדוד
A psalm, a song of the dedication of the House, of David
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The big idea
What is lowest in the world has the highest root: food, clothing and houses correspond to the inner light, the encompassing light, and the “encompassing of the encompassing,” so the stone house, like Malchus and the self-effacing soul, draws from a level above will itself, and joy must be brought into it from outside.
The maamar in brief
The maamar asks why a house’s dedication is celebrated with a feast. It sets out three human needs: food, which becomes one with the body; clothing, which surrounds it closely; and a house, which surrounds it from a distance. Their prices rise in that order because the lower a thing descends, the higher its root. Food comes from the inner light that fills all worlds; clothing from Arich Anpin, the encompassing light of Keser; the house from Atik, the “encompassing of the encompassing,” which is why it is built of inanimate stone. The same three levels appear in Torah (food for the soul) and mitzvos (garments), and within the mitzvos: those done by choice draw from the supreme will, while those that come only without one’s knowledge, like the forgotten sheaf, draw from above will. Since joy belongs to will, the dedication of the stone Temple needed joy to be drawn in, hence “a song” and the feast. The principle explains why stone Shiloh is called “rest,” why protruding wood was forbidden in the Temple, why the Shema’s words are “stones,” and why Malchus is “the stone the builders rejected” that became the cornerstone.
Outline
- The question and the three needsWhy a house’s dedication is celebrated; food, clothing and houses as inner, near-encompassing and far-encompassing, and why the lower is dearer.¶1–2
- Three levels in the divineFood from the inner light of Malchus (memalei kol almin); clothing from Arich Anpin; houses from Atik, the encompassing of the encompassing, hence built of inanimate stone.¶3–5
- Torah, mitzvos and mitzvos beyond willTorah is the soul’s food and mitzvos its garments; mitzvos done by will come from Arich Anpin, those beyond will (the forgotten sheaf, “we will do,” fleeing honor) from Atik; Malchus as David’s “house.”¶6–9
- Joy at the dedication; children as a “house”The Temple’s root is above will, so joy had to be drawn in, hence “a song” and the feast; offspring, from mazal above reason, are also a “house.”¶10
- Shiloh, the Temple and prayerStone Shiloh is “rest” and protruding wood is forbidden in the Temple; Pesukei Dezimra as wood, the Shema’s 248 words as stones; Yaakov’s stones and pillar.¶11–14
- The rejected stone and the wife as “house”Malchus, the lowest, is the rejected stone that became the cornerstone through David’s refinement; a man’s blessing and livelihood come through his wife, his “house.”¶15–16
Key concepts
- Inner light and encompassing light (pnimi and makif)אור פנימי ומקיף
- Divine light that enters and becomes one with what it enlivens (like food) versus light that surrounds it from beyond (like clothing).
- Encompassing of the encompassingמקיף דמקיף
- A level so far beyond the worlds that even “surrounding” is too close a relation; the root of the house, of stone, and of mitzvos beyond will.
- Arich Anpin and Atikאריך אנפין ועתיק
- The two sides of Keser: Arich Anpin, the supreme will and first of the emanated; Atik, the lowest level of the Emanator, above will.
- The inanimate (domem)דומם
- The lowest kingdom of nature, stone and earth, whose root is the highest; also David’s stilling of himself (domamti) and Malchus as “stone.”
- Mitzvos without one’s knowledgeמצוה שלא לדעתנו
- Mitzvos, like the forgotten sheaf, that can only come about unintentionally; a gift from above, rooted beyond human will.
- The filling of the heiמילוי הה״א
- The lowest part of Malchus, which descends into the lower worlds; the “maidservant” and the rejected stone that becomes the cornerstone.
For children · ages 9–13
Why we celebrate a new house
The big idea
What is lowest in the world often comes from the highest place, so a house of plain stone, and a mitzvah we do beyond our own wishes, draw from a level even higher than our will.
King David wrote “A psalm, a song for the dedication of the House.” Why do people make a feast when a new house is dedicated? The maamar looks at three things a person needs: food, which becomes part of us; clothing, which wraps close around us; and a house, which surrounds us from a distance. Food costs less than clothing, and clothing less than a house. The deeper reason is that the lower a thing comes down, the higher its root above. A house is built of stone, the plainest material of all, yet its root is the highest. It is the same with mitzvos. Most mitzvos we do because we want to, and so we do them with joy. But some come to us without our planning, like a sheaf of grain forgotten in the field that must be left for the poor. Such a mitzvah comes from a level above our will. Joy does not come there by itself, so it must be brought in. That is why the dedication of the Beis HaMikdash needed “a song,” and why we celebrate a new house.
The mashal
A pious man once forgot a sheaf of grain in his field, and so he could keep the mitzvah of leaving it for the poor. He was so happy that he asked his son to bring offerings in thanks. He explained that every other mitzvah we do knowingly, but this one came to him without his knowledge, as a gift from above.
Questions for the Shabbos table
- Why does the maamar say that the lowest things, like stone, have the highest root?
- Why was the pious man so happy that he forgot a sheaf in his field?
- This week, when something comes to you that you did not plan, like a chance to help someone, how can you do it with joy?
Explanation © likuteitorah.com, CC BY-NC 4.0: retold for children from our translation and explanation, with AI assistance; not yet reviewed by a human editor.
The question and the three needs ¶1–2
1מזמור שיר חנכת1 הבית לדוד2. להבין הטעם שעושים משתה ושמחה בחנוכת הבית הנה יש ג׳ בחי׳ מזון ולבושים ובתים.
“A psalm, a song of the dedication of the House, of David.” To understand the reason that a feast and rejoicing are made at the dedication of a house: now, there are three levels: food, garments and houses.
The maamar opens with the heading of Psalm 30, the psalm for the dedication (chanukah) of the House, and asks why the dedication of a house is marked with a feast and celebration. To answer, it first sets out three things a person needs, food, clothing and a home, which will later stand for three levels of divine light.
מזון הוא חיות פנימי לגוף האדם שנעשה פנימית וחיות לו ע״י הכרס והקיבה שהם מבשלים את המזון והמובחר עולה למוח ונעשה פנימית וחיות למוחין ואברים שמחזק את כל אבריו.
Food is inner life-force (chayus) for a person’s body. It becomes internal to him and life-force for him by means of the belly and the stomach, which cook the food, and the choicest part rises to the brain and becomes internal [nourishment] and life-force for the mind and the limbs, strengthening all his limbs.
Food is the most inward of the three: it is digested and becomes the person’s own flesh and vitality, its finest part even nourishing the brain. It is the model of an inner light that enters and becomes one with what it enlivens.
ולבושין הם מקיפים על האדם שמקיפו ומלבישו ומציל אותו מקור וחום לבד ואין נעשה פנימית וחיות כמו המזון אך הוא מקיף עליו ממש.
And garments are encompassing [things] upon a person: they encompass him and clothe him and protect him from cold and heat only, and they do not become internal [to him] and life-force like food; yet it encompasses him right upon him.
Clothing does not become part of the person; it surrounds him and protects him from outside. Still, it lies directly on his body, so it is a close, touching kind of “encompassing” (makif).
בתים הם ג״כ מקיפים3 על האדם רק לא כמו הלבושים שהם עליו ממש. משא״כ הבתים הן מרוחקים מן האדם בתכלית.
Houses are also encompassing [things] upon a person, only not like garments, which are right upon him. Houses, by contrast, are entirely removed from the person.
A house also surrounds a person, but at a distance: it does not touch him at all. So we have three degrees: inner (food), close encompassing (clothing) and distant encompassing (a house).
The paragraph poses the question of the maamar (why a house’s dedication calls for celebration) and lays out the three-part analogy of food, clothing and houses as inner, near-encompassing and far-encompassing.
The pair pnimi and makif (inner light and encompassing light) is basic to Chassidus; the maamar will refine it into three grades, inner light, makif, and a makif of a makif, and tie the last to Keser’s highest aspect.
Marei mekomos
- 1מזמור שיר חנוכת · נאמר בשנת תקס״ז. ראה רשימת המאמרים בריש ס׳ תקס״ז הע׳ *25. הנחת כ״ק אדמו״ר האמצעי בסידור יט, ד. ועוד הנחה בס׳ הנחות הר״פ ע׳ עט. וראה הוספות להערות וציונים שם. חלק מהמאמר נדפס ג״כ שם ע׳ פא ומתחיל: אנא אוקיר.
- 2
- 3ולבושין הם מקיפים . . בתים הם ג״כ מקיפים · ראה בסה״מ תש״ד ע׳ 113 ואילך.
2והנה אנו רואים שהמזון נקנה יותר בזול מן הלבושים ולבושים יותר בזול מן הבתים. ולכאורה היה נצרך להיות בהפך שהמזון הוא פנימי וחיות לו
Now we see that food is bought more cheaply than garments, and garments more cheaply than houses. Seemingly it ought to have been the reverse, since food is internal and life-force for him,
An observation from ordinary life: food is the cheapest of the three, clothing costs more, and a house most of all. One would expect the reverse, since food is the most vital.
שנכלל ונתבטל עמו והיו לאחדים ממש וחיות נפשו שא״א לחיות כלל בלי מזון והיה נצרך להיות ביוקר מלבושים שהם אינם חיות לו רק מקיפים עליו.
absorbed and dissolved within him so that they become truly one, and it is the life of his soul, for it is impossible to live at all without food; so it ought to have been dearer than garments, which are not life-force for him but only encompass him.
Food becomes one with the person and keeps him alive, so by rights it should be the most precious; clothing, which only surrounds him, should cost less.
וכן לבושים נגד הבתים ג״כ כמו ערך המזון לנגד הלבושים (אך הטעם ע״פ פשוט הוא מפני שהמזון אינו מתקיים הרבה שתיכף אחר שיעור עיכול המזון חוזר ונעשה רעב.
And likewise garments compared to houses, in the same proportion as food compared to garments. (But the reason, according to the plain sense, is that food does not last long, for immediately after the time it takes to digest the food, one becomes hungry again.
The same question applies to clothing versus houses. The parenthesis then gives the everyday explanation: food is used up quickly, since one is hungry again soon after digesting.
משא״כ הלבושים הם מתקיימים לערך שנה ויותר והבתים הם יותר מתקיימים גם מן הלבושים ולכן הבתים דמיהם יקרים מן הלבושים מפני שהם מתקיימים יותר וכן הלבושים יקרים מן המזון כנ״ל).1
Garments, by contrast, last about a year or more, and houses last longer even than garments. Therefore the price of houses is dearer than that of garments, because they last longer; and likewise garments are dearer than food, as said above.)
Clothing lasts a year or more and a house longer still, so on the simple level price follows durability. The Kehot edition notes that this parenthesis is found in the manuscript of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim.
אך באמת שרש ג׳ בחי׳ הנ״ל למעלה הבתים שרשם למעלה יותר גבוהים מן הלבושים והלבושים מן המזון כנודע שכל שנפל למטה במדרגה שרשו מבחי׳ ומדרגה יותר גבוה.
But in truth, as to the root above of the three above-mentioned levels: houses have their root higher above than garments, and garments than food, as is known that whatever has fallen lower in level has its root in a higher level and rank.
The deeper reason: the higher a thing’s spiritual root, the lower it descends. Houses have the highest root and clothing a higher root than food, which is why they are dearer and longer-lasting.
Using prices and durability, the paragraph states the principle that will drive the maamar: what comes lower down in physical form has a higher spiritual root, so houses are rooted above clothing, and clothing above food.
The rule that “whatever has fallen lower has a higher root” is a common Chassidic principle; it will explain why stone (the lowest, inanimate kingdom) and Malchus (the last Sefirah) are tied to the highest source.
Marei mekomos
- 1[אך הטעם . . מן המזון כנ״ל] · מוסגר זה נמצא בכת״י מאמרי אדה״ז.
Three levels in the divine ¶3–5
The explanation is that these three levels are found in the dimensions of World, Year and Soul in the creation of the worlds, and also in Torah and mitzvos. For
The three levels are said to appear in all three dimensions of existence that Sefer Yetzirah names, World (space), Year (time) and Soul (the person), and also in Torah and mitzvos.
הנה נודע שיש בחי׳ ממכ״ע ובחי׳ סוכ״ע ממכ״ע הוא כח הפועל בנפעל שבחי׳ מל׳ דאצילות מחיה עולמות בי״ע אזי מתלבשת ממש בבי״ע בבחי׳ פנימיות וחיות
it is known that there is the level of the light that fills all worlds (memalei kol almin) and the level of the light that encompasses all worlds (sovev kol almin). The light that fills all worlds is the power of the Maker within the thing made: when the level of Malchus of Atzilus gives life to the worlds of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, it then actually clothes itself in Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah as inwardness and life-force,
Memalei kol almin, the light that fills all worlds, works like a craftsman’s power that is inside what he makes. Malchus, the last Sefirah of Atzilus, enters the lower worlds of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah and becomes their inner life.
כמו הנפש המחיה את הגוף בכל פרטי אופני הגוף כח הראיה שמיעה ריח דיבור בראש וידים והלב והכרס והקיבה והרגלים כפי סדר ההשתלשלות
like the soul that gives life to the body in all the particular modes of the body: the power of sight, hearing, smell and speech in the head, and the hands and the heart and the belly and the stomach and the feet, according to the order of the chain of descent (hishtalshelus).
The analogy is the soul in the body: one soul gives each organ its own specific power, sight to the eye, hearing to the ear and so on, each according to its place.
וכמו כן למעלה בחי׳ מל׳ דאצילות שמתלבשת בבי״ע להחיות העולמות הוא ג״כ בבחינת פנימיות החיות בכל פרטי ההשתלשלות
And likewise above: the level of Malchus of Atzilus that clothes itself in Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah to give life to the worlds is also in the manner of the inner dimension of the life-force in all the particulars of the chain of descending worlds.
So too Malchus of Atzilus gives life to every detail of the lower worlds from within, adapting itself to each one. This inner, particularized life corresponds to food.
וזהו כבוד מלכותך יאמרו2 וגבורתך ידברו להודיע כו׳ גבורותיו3 שנקראו גבורות וצמצומים להתהוות עולמות נפרדים בהתחלקות לכמה פרטים עד אין קץ.
This is [the meaning of] “They will speak of the glory of Your kingdom and tell of Your might, to make known etc. His mighty acts”: [His] mighty acts are what are called gevuros and contractions (tzimtzumim), so that separate worlds come into being, divided into many particulars without end.
The verse speaks of “Your kingdom” (Malchus) together with “might” (gevuros): it is through contractions and limitations that the one divine life is divided into countless separate creations.
The paragraph begins to map the analogy onto the divine: the inner light that fills all worlds, which comes from Malchus of Atzilus and enlivens each creature from within and in a limited, divided way, corresponds to food.
Malchus is linked with gevuros and tzimtzumim because a king’s rule requires distinct, separate subjects; the division into endless particulars is the mark of the inner, limited light.
Marei mekomos
- 1בבחי׳ עולם שנה נפש · ס״י פ״ג, מ״ג ואילך.
- 2כבוד מלכותך יאמרו גו׳ להודיע גו׳ · Psalms 145:11
- 3כבוד מלכותך יאמרו וגבורתך ידברו להודיע כו׳ גבורותיו · Psalms 145:11–12
4ולכן נקרא ממכ״ע שהוא בבחי׳ חיות פנימי כח הפועל בנפעל כו׳. ובחי׳ סוכ״ע הוא שאינו מתלבש בתוך עלמין כלל בבחינת פנימי
Therefore it is called the light that fills all worlds (memalei kol almin), for it is in the manner of inner life-force, the power of the Maker within the thing made, etc. And the level of the light that encompasses all worlds (sovev kol almin) is that which does not clothe itself within the worlds at all in an inner manner,
Because Malchus enlivens each creature from inside, like the soul in the body, it is called the light that “fills” all worlds. The other kind of divine light, the one that “encompasses” all worlds, never enters them as their inner life.
רק סובב ומקיף עליהם כמ״ש בסש״ב להחיותן שעיקר החיות הוא בבחי׳ מקיף שלמעלה מי״ס דאצילות שהם מתלבשים בתוך י״ס דבי״ע חסד דאצילות בחסד דבריאה כנ״ל ונקר א כתר עליון
but only surrounds and encompasses them, as is written in Sefer Shel Beinonim, to give them life. For the main life-force is from the level of the encompassing [light] that is above the ten Sefiros of Atzilus, which clothe themselves within the ten Sefiros of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, Chesed of Atzilus in Chesed of Beriah, as above; and it is called Keser Elyon (the Supreme Crown).
Sefer Shel Beinonim is the Tanya. The Alter Rebbe adds that the main life of the worlds actually comes from the encompassing light above the ten Sefiros of Atzilus; the Sefiros themselves are drawn down level by level, each into its counterpart below (Chesed of Atzilus into Chesed of Beriah). That higher, surrounding source is called Keser Elyon, the Supreme Crown.
(וזהו כל אשר חפץ1 ה׳ עשה שעיקר ההתהוות הוא מבחי׳ חפץ ה׳ ורצונו העליון וכמשנ״ת בביאור ע״פ2 יביאו לבוש מלכות שבכל נברא יש המשכת החיות מבחי׳ ממכ״ע וסוכ״ע ושעיקר ההתהוות הוא מבחי׳ סוכ״ע ע״ש)
(And this is [the meaning of] “Whatever G‑d desired, He did,” for the main [act of] bringing into being is from the level of G‑d’s desire and His supernal will; and as is explained in the Explanation on “They shall bring a royal garment,” that in every creature there is a drawing of life-force from the level of memalei kol almin and of sovev kol almin, and that the main bringing into being is from the level of sovev kol almin; see there.)
A parenthetical proof: “Whatever G‑d desired, He did” places creation in G‑d’s will, which is Keser, above the Sefiros. The Explanation on “They shall bring a royal garment” (in Torah Ohr) shows that every creature receives from both the filling and the encompassing light, but its very coming into being is from the encompassing light.
אך יש בכתר ב׳ בחי׳ היינו בחי׳ התחתונה שבמאציל וראש וראשון לנאצלים כנודע3 שכתר הוא הממוצע בין המאציל לנאצלים. וכנודע שכל דבר הממוצע צריך להיות כלול משניהם וכמ״ש בע״ח (שמ״א פ״ג).4
But in Keser there are two levels, namely, the lowest level of the Emanator and the very first of the emanated, as is known that Keser is the intermediary between the Emanator and the emanated. And it is known that every intermediary must comprise both of them, as is written in Etz Chaim (Sha’ar 41, chapter 3).
Keser has two sides because it stands between the Emanator (G‑d Himself) and the emanated Sefiros, and a true intermediary must share in both. Its upper side is the lowest level of the Emanator; its lower side is the first of what is emanated. The Etz Chaim reference is, according to the Kehot edition, Sha’ar 41, chapter 3 in the Shklov 1800 printing, which in current editions is Sha’ar 42, chapter 1.
והנה ראש וראשון לנאצלים הוא הנקרא א״א שהוא מקור שממנו נמשכים התהוות עשר תיקונין י״ס דאצילות בבחי׳ השתלשלות חד אריך5 כו׳6 משא״כ א״א עצמו הוא מקיף סוכ״ע בהשוואה אחת.
Now, the very first of the emanated is what is called Arich Anpin, which is the source from which is drawn the coming into being of the ten tikkunim, the ten Sefiros of Atzilus, in the manner of a chain of descent (hishtalshelus): “one long,” etc. Arich Anpin itself, by contrast, is an encompassing [light], sovev kol almin, equally [over all].
The lower side of Keser is Arich Anpin (the “Long Countenance”), the source from which the ten Sefiros of Atzilus unfold in order, as in the Tikkunei Zohar’s words “one long, one short” describing the lines of the Sefiros. Yet Arich Anpin in itself surrounds everything equally, like a garment around the whole body.
אמנם בחי׳ התחתונה שבמאציל הוא הנקרא עתיק מלשון המעתיק הרים7 שאין ערוך כלל לי״ס הנאצלים ואין שייך לקרוא אף בשם מקיף שכל מקיף הוא שיש לו איזה שייכות רק נקרא מקיף דמקיף כו׳
However, the lowest level of the Emanator is what is called Atik, from the expression “He who removes (ha-ma’tik) mountains,” for it bears no comparison at all to the ten emanated Sefiros, and it is not even fitting to call it by the name “encompassing,” for every encompassing [light] is one that has some relation [to what it encompasses]; rather it is called “an encompassing of an encompassing,” etc.
The upper side of Keser is Atik (the “Ancient One”), named from a root meaning “removed, detached,” as in the verse about G‑d removing mountains. It is so far beyond the Sefiros that even “surrounding” is too close a word, since whatever surrounds something still relates to it; so it is called a “makif of a makif,” an encompassing of the encompassing.
וזהו כמו בית שאינו בחי׳ מקיף הסמוך וקרוב לגוף כמו הלבוש רק הוא מקיף רחוק מגוף האדם והיינו
And this is like a house, which is not the level of an encompassing that is adjacent and close to the body, like a garment, but is an encompassing that is distant from a person’s body; that is,
Here the analogy returns: a garment touches the body and is like Arich Anpin; a house surrounds the person from a distance and is like Atik.
כמו בחי׳ מקיף למקיף (ועמ״ש סד״ה השמים כסאי8 בענין איזה בית אשר תבנו לי.9 ועמ״ש בפ׳ פנחס סד״ה צו את בנ״י כו׳ את קרבני לחמי בענין הטעם שאין הקרבנות נוהגין אלא בפני הבית ע״ש)
like the level of an encompassing of an encompassing. (And see what is written at the end of the discourse beginning “The heavens are My throne,” on the subject of “What house could you build for Me?” And see what is written in Parshas Pinchas at the end of the discourse beginning “Command the children of Israel... My offering, My bread,” on the subject of the reason that the offerings are practiced only when the Temple stands; see there.)
The two cross-references point to discussions of the Temple as G‑d’s “house”: the verse “What house could you build for Me?” and the rule that the offerings apply only when the Temple stands, both consistent with the house being rooted in the most transcendent level.
והנה נגד ג׳ בחינות הנ״ל נשתלשלו למטה ג׳ בחי׳ מזון ולבושים והיכלות10 וכל דבר היותר גבוה ירידתו והתלבשותו למטה ביותר.
Now, corresponding to the three levels above-mentioned, three levels came down below: food, garments and dwellings; and the higher anything is, the lower is its descent and its enclothement below.
So the three levels above (the inner light, Arich Anpin and Atik) come down as food, clothing and houses. By the principle already stated, the higher the source, the lower and more physical its expression.
והנה מזון שהוא חיות פנימי נמשך מבחי׳ ממכ״ע ולכן יש כמה טעמים וכמה גוונין כמו מר מתוק כו׳
Now food, which is inner life-force, is drawn from the level of memalei kol almin; therefore there are many tastes and many varieties, such as bitter, sweet, etc.,
Food comes from the inner, filling light, which is divided and particular. That is why food comes in so many tastes and kinds, bitter, sweet and so on.
ורבוי התחלקות פרטי המאכלים היינו שכל התכללות הי״ס חסד שבחסד גבורה שבגבורה כו׳ ולכן המזון יש לו כליון מאור פנימי המלובש ומוגבל בכלים כו׳
and the great division into particular foods, that is, the whole inter-inclusion of the ten Sefiros, Chesed of Chesed, Gevurah of Gevurah, etc. Therefore food is subject to being used up, [coming] from the inner light that is clothed and limited in vessels, etc.
The many kinds of food reflect how every Sefirah contains all the others (kindness within kindness, restraint within restraint, and so on). And because this light is held in “vessels” that limit it, food is finite and gets used up.
(ועמ״ש בד״ה המגיד מראשית אחרית1112 בענין שארה כסותה13 כו׳ דבחי׳ שארה שהוא המזון נמשך משם אלקים דהיינו מבחי׳ הכלים כו׳ ע״ש)
(And see what is written in the discourse beginning “Declaring the end from the beginning,” on the subject of “her food, her clothing,” etc.: that the level of “her food,” which is food, is drawn from the Name Elokim, that is, from the level of the vessels, etc.; see there.)
The verse on a husband’s duties to his wife, “her food, her clothing and her conjugal rights,” is elsewhere read to show that food comes from the Name Elokim, the Name of limitation, that is, from the vessels rather than the lights.
ולכן הם למטה מתאחדים לאחדים עם האדם בחיות פנימי לפי ששרשו בבחי׳ ממלא כל עלמין כח הפועל כו׳.
Therefore, below, they become united as one with the person as inner life-force, because its root is in the level of memalei kol almin, the power of the Maker, etc.
This is why food becomes one with the person: its root is the inner light that enters and enlivens from within.
ולכן הם יותר בזול ואינם הכרחים14 כ״כ במיני מטעמים שאפשר בפת חריבה כו׳. שיכולים לחיות מפת במלח
And therefore they are cheaper, and they are not so necessary in the matter of various delicacies, since it is possible [to manage] with dry bread, etc., for one can live on bread with salt,
Food is cheaper because variety in food is not essential: one can survive on bread and salt, as the Mishnah in Avos describes the life of Torah study. According to the Kehot note (quoting Likkutei Sichos), “not so necessary” refers only to fancy foods, not to food as such.
וגם יכולים לאכול מיני מטעמים מפני ששרשו מבחי׳ כח הפועל כו׳ שהוא מבחי׳ גבול וכלי שמוגבל בכלי
and one can also eat various delicacies, because its root is from the level of the power of the Maker, etc., which is from the level of limit and vessel, limited in a vessel;
Its great range, from bare bread to delicacies, again reflects its root in the limited, divided power that works within things.
ולכן גם במזון הוא כן משא״כ הלבושים שרשם למעלה הוא מבחי׳ כתר ראש לנאצלים בחי׳ מקיף
therefore it is so with food as well. Garments, by contrast, have their root above in the level of Keser, the head of the emanated, the level of an encompassing [light];
Clothing, by contrast, comes from Keser in its role as “head of the emanated,” that is, Arich Anpin, an encompassing light.
ולכן הם למטה ג״כ מקיפים על האדם ולא בחיות פנימי ונצרכים יותר לאדם כי א״א בחורף בלי מלבוש כו׳ וכן בקיף כו׳
therefore below, too, they encompass the person and are not inner life-force, and they are more needed by a person, for it is impossible [to be] in winter without clothing, etc., and likewise in summer, etc.;
So clothing surrounds the body and is in a sense more necessary: one cannot go without it in winter, nor in summer. The printed text reads "בקיף", which apparently should read "בקיץ" (summer); the Kehot note quotes the line as "וכן בקיץ".
ולכן הם יותר ביוקר ומתקיים יותר לפי ששרשו למעלה גבוה יותר ממזון כנ״ל שהוא מאור המוגבל בכלים משא״כ לבושים שרשם מבחי׳ סובב שאינו מוגבל בכלים
therefore they are dearer and last longer, because their root above is higher than food, which, as above, is from the light that is limited in vessels, whereas garments have their root in the level of sovev, which is not limited in vessels;
Clothing costs more and lasts longer than food because its root, the encompassing light, is not confined in vessels.
ולכן אין לו כליון כ״כ [וע מ״ש בביאור ע״פ באתי לגני בענין אריתי מורי15 שעד״ז הוא ג״כ ההפרש בין טעם לריח ע״ש וז״ש ריח בגדיו16
therefore it is not so subject to being used up. [And see what is written in the Explanation on “I have come into My garden,” on the subject of “I have gathered My myrrh,” that the difference between taste and smell is also along these lines; see there. And this is [the meaning of] “the smell of his garments,”
Because it is not confined, clothing does not wear out so fast. The bracket adds that the same contrast holds between taste (inner, like food) and smell (more surrounding, like clothing), as explained on “I have come into My garden,” and connects it with Yitzchak smelling “the smell of his garments.”
וזהו גם כן ענין בריחא דלבושייכו בזהר פ׳ בלק דקפ״ו ע״א]1718 ובתים שהם רחוקים יותר מגוף האדם שרשם למעלה הוא מבחי׳ תחתונה שבמאציל שהוא בחי׳ מקיף דמקיף כנ״ל.1920
and this is also the meaning of “with the fragrance of your garments” in the Zohar, Parshas Balak (186a).] And houses, which are further from a person’s body, have their root above in the lowest level of the Emanator, which is the level of an encompassing of an encompassing, as above.
The Zohar likewise speaks of the fragrance of garments. Houses, furthest from the body, come from the lowest level of the Emanator, Atik, the encompassing of the encompassing.
The paragraph maps the three analogies onto three divine levels: food onto the inner light of the Sefiros (memalei kol almin), clothing onto Arich Anpin, the lower side of Keser, and houses onto Atik, the upper side of Keser, which transcends even the category of encompassing.
The two sides of Keser, Atik as the lowest of the Emanator and Arich Anpin as the first of the emanated, are the Arizal’s framework; the Alter Rebbe uses them to distinguish two grades of makif. The Kehot note from Likkutei Sichos explains that food is more vital for staying alive, while clothing and above all a house are more “needed” for a person’s completeness, as the Sages say one without a home is not a complete person.
Marei mekomos
- 1כל אשר חפץ ה׳ עשה · Psalms 135:6
- 2בביאור ע״פ יביאור לבוש מל׳ · תו״א צב, ב.
- 3שו״ה בחי׳ — כנודע · ע״ל בחקותי (מו, ג). וש״נ. [כ].
- 4שמ״א פ״ג · Song of Songs 7:4
- 5חד אריך · ת״ז בהקדמה.
- 6חד אריך כו׳ · Tikkunei Zohar 17a:13–15
- 7המעתיק הרים · Job 9:5
- 8סד״ה השמים כסאי · תו״א א, ג.
- 9השמים כסאי בענין איזה בית אשר תבנו לי · Isaiah 66:1
- 10ג׳|בחי׳ מזון ולבושים והיכלות · נתבאר בלקו״ש ח״ט ע׳ 138 בהערה 31 בארוכה.
- 11בד״ה המגיד מראשית אחרית · סה״מ תקס״ח ובאוה״ת משפטים ע׳ א׳שב.
- 12המגיד מראשית אחרית · Isaiah 46:10
- 13שארה כסותה · Exodus 21:10
- 14שו״ה כל — ואינם הכרחים · Yevamot 63a:4
- 15באתי לגני בענין אריתי מורי · Song of Songs 5:1
- 16ריח בגדיו · Genesis 27:27
- 17בזהר פ׳ בלק דקפ״ו ע״א · ראה גם לעיל פ׳ שלח נא, ד. מסעי פט, ב.
- 18בריחא דלבושייכו בזהר פ׳ בלק דקפ״ו ע״א · Zohar, Balak 4:24–6:33
- 19ולכן נק׳ ממכ״ע . . כח הפועל בנפעל · ראה באוה״ת ויקרא כרך א ע׳ רצו שמביא תוכן הדברים מכאן.
- 20
5ולכן ירדה למטה במדרגה היותר תחתונה אבנים ועפר בחי׳ דומם מה שאין כן הלבושים הן מבחי׳ צומח
Therefore it came down below to the very lowest level, stones and earth, the level of the inanimate, whereas garments are from the level of the vegetative.
Because the house is rooted in the highest level, Atik, it is made from the lowest kind of matter, stone and earth, the inanimate. Clothing, from a lower root, belongs to the vegetative level.
ולכן הם למטה גם כן מרוחקים מגוף האדם והם יותר נצרכים לאדם גם מהלבושים כי א״א לדור בלא בית אף רגע1 והוא יותר ביוקר ומתקיים ביותר מפני ששרשם למעלה מעלה מבחי׳ מקיף דמקיף וד״ל:
Therefore they, below, are also distant from a person’s body, and they are more needed by a person even than garments, for it is impossible to live without a house even for a moment; and it is dearer and lasts the longest, because their root above is exceedingly high, from the level of an encompassing of an encompassing. And this suffices for one who understands.
A house stands apart from the body, yet a person cannot live without one even for a moment; it costs most and lasts longest, all because its root is the highest, the encompassing of the encompassing.
The paragraph completes the analogy: the house, rooted in the highest level, is built from the lowest matter, stone and earth, and is the dearest and most enduring of the three.
The inverse correspondence (inanimate matter from the highest root, plants from a lower one) prepares the later argument that a stone Temple, and Malchus as “stone,” draw from Atik.
Marei mekomos
- 1כי א״א לדור בלא בית אף רגע · Yevamot 63a
Torah, mitzvos and mitzvos beyond will ¶6–9
6ב וכן יש ג׳ בחי׳ הנ״ל בתורה ומצות כנודע דאורייתא היא בחי׳ מזון לנשמה ומצות הם לבושים לנשמה (וכמ״ש בד״ה אלה מסעי1 ובד״ה אני לדודי ובד״ה יונתי כו׳ ושאר דוכתי)
2. And likewise the three above-mentioned levels are found in Torah and mitzvos. As is known, the Torah is the level of food for the soul and the mitzvos are garments for the soul (as is written in the discourse beginning “These are the journeys,” and in the discourse beginning “I am my Beloved’s,” and in the discourse beginning “My dove,” etc., and in other places).
The second section applies the three levels to Torah and mitzvos. Torah study is “food” for the soul, because the soul absorbs and unites with what it understands; the mitzvos are its “garments,” surrounding it rather than entering it. The text refers to other discourses where this is developed.
והנה אף שלמטה בהשתלשלות המצות הם במדרגה יותר תחתונה מהתורה שהם במעשה גשמיות אעפ״כ אנו רואים שגבוהים הם יותר בשרשן
Now, although below, in the chain of descent (hishtalshelus), the mitzvos are on a lower level than the Torah, since they are in physical action, nevertheless we see that they are higher in their root.
The same paradox as with food and clothing: mitzvos are physical deeds and so seem lower than study, yet by the rule already given, what descends lower has the higher root.
ולכן כל התורה היא פי׳ המצות הן בנגלה הן בנסתר כמו ספר הזהר וכן ארז״ל גדול תלמוד שמביא לידי מעשה2 וכן לא המדרד עיקר אלא המעשה3 כו׳ וכן ארז״ל (בכתובות דפ״ו)15
Therefore the whole Torah is an explanation of the mitzvos, both in the revealed [part] and in the hidden [part], such as the book of the Zohar. And so our Sages said, “Great is study, for it leads to action”; and likewise, “Not study is the main thing, but action,” etc. And likewise our Sages said (in Kesubos 86a):
Evidence that the mitzvos are the higher: all of Torah, both the revealed law and the Kabbalah of the Zohar, serves to explain the mitzvos. The Sages praise study because it leads to action, and state that action, not study, is the main thing.
אבל במצות עשה כגון שאומרים לו עשה סוכה ואינו עושה4 כו׳ היו מכין אותו עד שתצא נפשו
“But with positive commandments, for example when they tell him, ‘Make a sukkah,’ and he does not make it, etc., they would beat him until his soul departs.”
A further proof from the Talmud: a court would compel a person who refused to perform a positive commandment such as building a sukkah, even by lashes without limit. Such force shows how essential the deed is.
ואף שאמרו שמי שתורתו אומנתו כגון רשב״י וחביריו אין מפסיקין לתפלה5 ובירושלמי פ״ק דשבת6 אמרו שפי׳ לק״ש אין מפסיקין היינו דוקא לק״ש
And although they said that one whose Torah is his occupation, such as Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and his colleagues, does not interrupt [his study] for prayer, and in the Jerusalem Talmud, chapter 1 of Shabbos, they said that the meaning is that for the recitation of the Shema they do not interrupt, that is only for the recitation of the Shema;
An objection: Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and his colleagues, whose whole occupation was Torah, did not interrupt their study even for prayer. But the Jerusalem Talmud limits this to the recitation of the Shema.
אבל למ״ע כמו לסוכה ולולב7 מחוייב להפסיק כמבואר בירושלמי שם הובא בבעל המאור פ״ק דשבת ולא מודה רשב״י שמפסיקין8 לעשות סוכה כו׳ טעמיה דרשב״י שזה שנון
but for a positive commandment, such as for sukkah and lulav, he is obligated to interrupt, as is explained in the Jerusalem Talmud there, cited by the Baal HaMaor on chapter 1 of Shabbos: “Does not Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai concede that one interrupts to make a sukkah, etc.? The reason of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai is: this is study
For a mitzvah that requires action, such as sukkah or lulav, even they would stop learning. The Jerusalem Talmud asks rhetorically whether Rabbi Shimon would not stop to make a sukkah, and the Baal HaMaor (a medieval commentator on the Talmud) quotes this. According to a note from Likkutei Sichos, sukkah and lulav are chosen because both are bound up with Daas, knowledge (“so that your generations will know”).
וזה שנון אין מבטלין שנון מפני שנון וכל הנ״ל הוא שאף שלמטה בהשתלשלות הם יותר תחתונים שהמה בחי׳ לבושים מקורם ושרשם למעלה הוא יותר גבוה שהתורה
and that is study, and one does not set aside study for study.” And all the above [shows] that although below, in the chain of descent, they are lower, being the level of garments, their source and root above is higher. For the Torah,
Rabbi Shimon’s reason for not stopping for the Shema: the Shema is itself Torah recitation, so one study is not set aside for another. A deed, however, does override study, which shows its higher root even though, as a “garment,” it is lower in its outward form.
שהיא בחי׳ מזון שרשו מבחי׳ פנימית י״ס דאצילות אורייתא מחכמה נפקת9101112 כו׳ ולכן לימוד התורה אין לה שיעור
which is the level of food, has its root in the level of the inner dimension (pnimiyus) of the ten Sefiros of Atzilus: “The Torah comes forth from Chochmah,” etc. Therefore the study of the Torah has no fixed measure,
Torah, the soul’s “food,” comes from Chochmah (wisdom), the inner dimension of the Sefiros, as the Zohar says, “The Torah comes forth from Chochmah.” Like food, it therefore has no fixed quantity.
for even with one chapter in the morning and one chapter in the evening one has fulfilled the obligation of Torah study, and [yet] also, “You shall meditate in it day and night.”
The Talmud rules that even one chapter morning and evening fulfills the duty of Torah study, yet the verse asks us to meditate in it day and night. The range, from minimum to without limit, matches food.
והיינו שהוא בחי׳ מזון שדי לו בפת חריבה וגם יכול לאכול מיני מטעמים ששרשם ומקורם הוא מבחינת ממלא
That is, it is the level of food, for which dry bread suffices and one can also eat various delicacies, for their root and source is from the level of memalei.
Just as one can live on dry bread or enjoy many delicacies, Torah study can be minimal or vast, because its root is the inner, filling light (memalei), which is divided into many particulars.
אבל המצות הם מבחינת מקיף העליון בחי׳ כתר אחד כו׳ שהוא למעלה מהחכמה דאצילות ולכן נעשים לבושים לנשמה כנ״ל בלבושים.16
But the mitzvos are from the level of the supreme encompassing [light], the level of Keser, “one,” etc., which is above the Chochmah of Atzilus; therefore they become garments for the soul, as said above about garments.
The mitzvos come from Keser, the encompassing light above Chochmah. That is why they are garments for the soul: they surround it with G‑d’s will, which is above intellect. The abbreviated words “one, etc.” are not spelled out in the text.
The paragraph applies the analogy to Torah and mitzvos: Torah, from Chochmah, is the soul’s food; the mitzvos, from Keser, are its garments, lower in form but higher in root, as shown by the halachic precedence of deed over study.
The later argument will split the mitzvos themselves into two grades, matching the two levels of Keser, Arich Anpin and Atik.
Marei mekomos
- 1בד״ה אלה מסעי · Numbers 33:1
- 2גדול תלמוד שמביא לידי מעשה · Kiddushin 40b:8–9
- 3לא המדרד עיקר אלא המעשה · Pirkei Avot 1:17
- 4
- 5מי שתורתו אומנתו כגון רשב״י וחביריו אין מפסיקין לתפלה · Shabbat 11a:8
- 6ובירוש׳ פ״ק דשבת · ה״ב.
- 7שו״ה למ״ע — לסוכה ולולב · הטעם שתפס ב׳ מצות אלו י״ל כי במצות אלו תוכנם וענינם הו״ע הדעת: בסוכה נאמר (אמור כג, מג) ”למען ידעו דורתיכם כי בסוכות” (ולכן הכוונה במצות סוכה היא לא רק כוונת המצוה אלא גם החלק מקיום המצוה כתיקונה*. — ראה ב״ח או״ח ר״ס תרכ״ה שו״ע אדה״ז שם): ו”לולב ומיניו הוא המשכת הדעת כו׳”. *)ֿאף שכ״ה גם בתפילין וציצית כבב״ח שם, הרי בהנ״ל הוא כפי שנאמר ”למען תזכרו גו׳”, ”למען תהי׳ תורת ה׳ בפיך” ולא כבסוכה למען ידעו גו׳” — לקו״ש חט״ו ע׳ 261.
- 8ולא מודה רשב״י שמפסיקין כו׳ טעמי׳ דרשב״י שזה שנון כו׳ · ירושלמי שבת פ״א סוף ה״א.
- 9אורייתא מחכמה נפקת · זח״ב (סב, א. פה, א). זח״ג (קפב, א). וע׳ זח״א (קנו, ב). [כ].
- 10אורייתא מחכמה נפקת · Zohar, Beshalach 28:377–388
- 11אורייתא מחכמה נפקת · Zohar, Yitro 21:378–22:389
- 12אורייתא מחכמה נפקת · Zohar, Chukat 6:43–9:54
- 13גם בפרק אחד שחרית ופ״א ערבית יצא ידי חובת ת״ת · Menachot 99b:16–17
- 14והגית בו יומם ולילה · Joshua 1:8
- 15לא המדרש עיקר אלא המעשה · אבות פ״א, מי״ז.
- 16
7והנה כמו שבכתר עליון הממוצע בין מאציל לנאצלים יש בו שני בחי׳ כנ״ל מקיף ומקיף דמקיף כנ״ל כך המצות יש ב׳ מיני מצות1 הא׳ סתם כל המצות שהם ברצונו של אדם לעשותם
Now, just as in Keser Elyon, the intermediary between the Emanator and the emanated, there are two levels, as above, an encompassing and an encompassing of an encompassing, as above, so with the mitzvos there are two kinds of mitzvos. The first: ordinary mitzvos, all those that are [done] by a person’s will to do them,
Keser has two levels, the encompassing (Arich Anpin) and the encompassing of the encompassing (Atik). Likewise there are two kinds of mitzvos. The first kind, most mitzvos, are done by a person’s own will and decision.
כמו סוכה ולולב וכה״ג ויש מצות שהם אינם תלוים ברצונו כלל רק דוקא שלא בדעתו כמו מצות שכחה וכה״ג.2
such as sukkah and lulav and the like. And there are mitzvos that do not depend on his will at all, but [come about] specifically without his knowledge, such as the mitzvah of the forgotten sheaf and the like.
The second kind cannot be done by choice at all, only when they happen without one’s knowledge. The classic case is shich’chah: a sheaf forgotten in the field must be left for the poor, and one can fulfill this only by genuinely forgetting.
The paragraph divides the mitzvos into two kinds, those done by will and those that happen only without one’s knowledge, matching the two levels of Keser.
The Kehot note points to Sha’arei Kedushah, which ranks mitzvos by how they come to a person, the last group being those a person cannot seek out at all unless the Holy One, blessed be He, brings them to him.
Marei mekomos
- 1יש ב׳ מיני מצות · ראה אוה״ת פנחס ע׳ א׳סג.
- 2כמו מצות שכחה וכה״ג · ראה בשערי קדושה להרח״ו שער ד׳ בתחלתו שמחלק המצות לה׳ חלקים: א׳, מצות הנוהגות בזמן התפלה בכל ימי החול. ב׳, מצות התלויות בזמן. ג׳, מצות האפשריות להזדמן ליד האדם. ד׳, מצות שצריך האדם לחפש אחריהן לקיימן. ה׳, מצות שאין ביד האדם לחפש אחריהן אא״כ יזמינם הקב״ה, וראה בסה״מ תרס״ח בסופו בהוספה ג׳ (הגהות על שעה״ק להרח״ו) ע׳ רמז (בהוצאת תשמ״ט).
8וכמו שמצינו בתוספתא פ״ג דפאה1 מעשה בחסיד2 א׳ ששכח עומר בתוך שדהו ואמר לבנו צא והקריב עלי פר לעולה ופר לשלמים אמר לו אבא מה
As we find in the Tosefta, chapter 3 of Pe’ah: It once happened that a certain pious man forgot a sheaf in the midst of his field, and he said to his son, “Go and offer on my behalf a bull as a burnt-offering and a bull as a peace-offering.” He said to him, “Father, what
The Tosefta tells of a pious man who, on discovering that he had forgotten a sheaf in his field, celebrated by offering two bulls, one a burnt-offering and one a peace-offering.
ראית לשמוח בשמחת מצוה זו מכל מצות שבתורה אמר לו כל מצות שבתורה נתן להם המקום לדעתנו זו שלא לדעתנו שאלו עשינוהו ברצון לפני המקום לא באת מצוה זו לידינו
did you see to rejoice in the joy of this mitzvah more than all the mitzvos in the Torah?” He said to him, “All the mitzvos in the Torah the Omnipresent gave to us [to fulfill] with our knowledge; this one [is] without our knowledge. For had we done it willingly before the Omnipresent, this mitzvah would not have come into our hands.
His son asks why this mitzvah deserved more celebration than any other. The father answers that every other mitzvah is given to our conscious choice; this one can only come about unintentionally, so it is a mitzvah we could never have arranged for ourselves.
אלא הרי הוא אומר כי תקצור וגו׳3 קבע לו הכתוב ברכה עכ״ל התוספתא ור״ל שא״כ קיום מצוה זו היא בחי׳ מתנה מלמעלה לכן אני מקריב פר.
Rather, it says, ‘When you reap,’ etc.; Scripture set a blessing for it.” [Thus far] the words of the Tosefta. And he meant: if so, the fulfillment of this mitzvah is a gift from above; therefore I offer a bull.
The Torah attaches a blessing to it (“so that the L‑rd your G‑d may bless you”). The Alter Rebbe explains the father’s meaning: such a mitzvah is a gift from Above, and that is why he offered a bull in thanks.
The Tosefta’s story shows the special joy of a mitzvah that comes without one’s knowledge: it is a gift from Above, rooted beyond human will.
Marei mekomos
- 1פ״ג דפאה · (הי״ג). [כ].
- 2בתוספתא פ״ג דפאה מעשה בחסיד א׳ ששכח עומר בתוך שדהו · Tosefta Peah 3:13
- 3כי תקצור וגו׳ · Deuteronomy 24:19
9והיינו שהמצות שהם תלוים בדעתו ורצונו של אדם שרשם למעלה ג״כ בכתר מבחי׳ א״א שהוא בחי׳ רצון העליון שהוא שרש הנאצלים אנת הוא דאפיקת1 כו׳2
That is, the mitzvos that depend on a person’s knowledge and will have their root above, likewise, in Keser, from the level of Arich Anpin, which is the level of the supreme will (ratzon), the root of the emanated: “You are He who brought forth,” etc.
Mitzvos done by conscious choice come from Arich Anpin, the lower side of Keser. Arich Anpin is the supreme will, the source from which the Sefiros emerge, as the Tikkunei Zohar says, “You are He who brought forth [the ten Sefiros].”
ולכן הם למטה ג״כ תלויים ברצונו ובעשותם ממשיך מבחי׳ רצון העליון וזהו אשר קדשנו במצותיו ויכול לעשותם בשמחה גדולה שממשיך בחי׳ רצון העליון בבחי׳ מקיף עליו משא״כ המצות שהם דייקא שלא מדעת ורצון
Therefore below, too, they depend on his will, and by doing them he draws down from the level of the supreme will. And this is [the meaning of] “Who has sanctified us with His commandments.” And he can do them with great joy, for he draws down the level of the supreme will as an encompassing [light] upon him. By contrast, the mitzvos that are specifically without knowledge and will,
Because they come from G‑d’s will, such mitzvos are done with a person’s will, and doing them draws that will down upon him like a surrounding garment. This is why the blessing says “Who has sanctified us with His commandments,” and why they can be done with great joy. The mitzvos that happen without one’s will are different.
כמו מצות שכחה הנ״ל שרשה מבחי׳ תחתונה שבמאציל שהוא למעלה מן הרצון ונקרא מקיף דמקיף
such as the above-mentioned mitzvah of the forgotten sheaf, have their root in the lowest level of the Emanator, which is above will and is called an encompassing of an encompassing
A mitzvah like the forgotten sheaf comes from Atik, the lowest level of the Emanator, which is above will altogether: the “encompassing of the encompassing,” the house of the analogy.
(ואפשר זהו בחי׳ רעוא דכל רעוין דהיינו רצון לרצון כו׳) ולכן הוא למטה ג״כ למעלה מן הדעת ורצון האדם.
(and possibly this is the level of “the Will of all wills,” that is, a will for will, etc.); therefore below, too, it is above a person’s knowledge and will.
The Alter Rebbe suggests, tentatively (“possibly”), that this is “the Will of all wills,” the source of will itself. Because its root is above will, such a mitzvah can come only when it bypasses a person’s knowledge and will.
וכה״ג מצינו כמה מצות שהם דוקא שלא מרצון כמו ר״ש בן שטח שברח למצרים על שרצו למנותו נשיא ולא היה ברצונו לקבל בחי׳ הנשיאות וברח כו׳
And similarly we find several mitzvos that are specifically not by will, such as Rabbi Shimon ben Shetach, who fled to Egypt because they wanted to appoint him Nasi, and it was not his will to accept the office of Nasi, and he fled, etc.;
A second example: a sage who fled to avoid appointment as Nasi (head of the Sanhedrin). The Jerusalem Talmud tells this story of Yehudah ben Tabbai; the Rebbe’s note on this passage records that Likkutei Torah has Shimon ben Shetach and leaves it for further study, suggesting it may follow the view that Shimon ben Shetach was the Nasi.
ורדפו אחריו ונעשה נשיא3 ואם לא היה בורח והיה ברצונו לקבל הנשיאות לא היו ממנים אותו להיות נשיא
and they pursued him, and he became Nasi. Had he not fled, and had it been his will to accept the office of Nasi, they would not have appointed him to be Nasi,
His flight is exactly what made him Nasi: had he wanted the office, he would not have been given it.
כי כל הרודף אחר הכבוד4 כו׳ והיינו שמצוה הזאת היא גם כן שרשה מבחי׳ מקיף דמקיף למעלה כנ״ל
for whoever pursues honor, etc. That is, this mitzvah too has its root above in the level of an encompassing of an encompassing, as above.
As the Talmud says, honor flees from one who pursues it and pursues one who flees from it. Accepting leadership in this way is a mitzvah that comes against one’s will, and so it too is rooted in the encompassing of the encompassing.
(ועמ״ש בד״ה צאינה וראינה56 בענין נעשה ונשמע שבחי׳ נעשה זהו ביטול רצון לגמרי למעלה מהדעת והשכל ואפשר זהו בחי׳ הנמשך מרעוא דכל רעוין שהוא בחי׳ הנ״ל
(And see what is written in the discourse beginning “Go forth and see” on the subject of “We will do and we will hear”: that the level of “we will do” is a complete nullification (bittul) of will, above knowledge and intellect; and possibly this is the level drawn from “the Will of all wills,” which is the above-mentioned level.
The parenthesis refers to a discourse on “Go forth and see” (in Likkutei Torah, Shir HaShirim) about Israel’s words at Sinai, “We will do and we will hear.” “We will do” means committing before understanding, a total setting aside of one’s own will, above intellect; this may be what draws from “the Will of all wills.”
ולכן קשרו להן ב׳ כתרים אחד כנגד נעשה7 ואחד כנגד נשמע היינו ב׳ בחי׳ שבכתר עליון שהם בחי׳ מקיף הנמשך ע״י נשמע ובחי׳ מקיף למקיף הנמשך ע״י נעשה שהוא בטול הרצון שמבטל דעתו ורצונו לגמרי.
And therefore they tied on them two crowns, one corresponding to “we will do” and one corresponding to “we will hear”: that is, the two levels in Keser Elyon, which are the level of an encompassing, drawn down through “we will hear,” and the level of an encompassing of an encompassing, drawn down through “we will do,” which is the nullification of will, in which one sets aside his knowledge and will entirely.
The Talmud says that when Israel said “We will do and we will hear,” angels tied two crowns on each of them. The two crowns are the two levels of Keser: “we will hear” (understanding and accepting) draws the encompassing light, Arich Anpin; “we will do” (self-surrender beyond understanding) draws the encompassing of the encompassing, Atik.
וע״כ הקדימו נעשה לנשמע. כי כן בחי׳ עתיק הוא מבחי׳ א״ס קדמון לכל הקדומים וממנו נמשך בחי׳ א״א ועד״ז הוא משארז״ל רפ״ו דברכות8 כמ״ש ואספת דגנך מיירי
And therefore they put “we will do” before “we will hear.” For so the level of Atik is from the level of the Infinite One (Ein Sof), prior to all that is prior, and from it the level of Arich Anpin is drawn. And along these lines is what our Sages said at the beginning of chapter 6 of Berachos, that [the verse] “and you shall gather in your grain” speaks
“We will do” came first because Atik, directly from the Infinite One, precedes Arich Anpin. The same idea explains a passage in Berachos 35b, where the verse “you shall gather in your grain,” which implies working for a living, is said to describe those who do not do G‑d’s will.
כשאין עושין רצונו של מקום9 אע״פ דקאי על והיה אם שמוע תשמעו אל מצותי10 כו׳ כי פי׳ עושין רצונו להמשיך בחינת הרצון מבחי׳ רעוא דכל רעוין וזהו ע״י בכל מאדך11 שהוא ביטול רצון למעלה מהדעת.
of when they do not do the will of the Omnipresent, even though it stands on [the passage] “And it will be, if you will diligently listen to My commandments,” etc. For the meaning of “doing His will” is to draw down the level of will from the level of “the Will of all wills,” and this is through “with all your might,” which is the nullification of will above knowledge.
That is surprising, since the verse belongs to the passage about those who do keep the commandments. The answer: “doing G‑d’s will” in the full sense means drawing from “the Will of all wills,” which requires loving G‑d “with all your might” (me’odecha), a love beyond measure and beyond one’s own will and understanding.
משא״כ ע״י בכל לבבבכם ובכל נפשכם כו׳. ולכן לגבי ההמשכה שמבחי׳ עתיק שהוא א״ס ממש לא נק׳ עדיין עושים רצונו של מקום כו׳.
Not so through “with all your heart and with all your soul,” etc. Therefore, relative to the drawing down from the level of Atik, which is the Infinite One Himself, they are not yet called “doing the will of the Omnipresent,” etc.
The second paragraph of the Shema says only “with all your heart and with all your soul,” without “with all your might.” So, measured against the level of Atik, those who serve at that level are not yet called “doing G‑d’s will.” (The printed "לבבבכם" apparently reads "לבבכם".)
וקרוב לזה י״ל ג״כ מעלת מצות ל״ת על מ״ע שבקיום מצות ל״ת הוא בחי׳ אתכפיא סט״א וכמארז״ל אל יאמר אדם12 אי אפשי כו׳
And close to this, one may also explain the superiority of the prohibitive commandments over the positive commandments: in fulfilling the prohibitive commandments there is the level of subduing (iskafya) the sitra achra (the other side), as our Sages said: “A person should not say, ‘I have no desire for it,’ etc.,
A related point: prohibitions can be higher than positive commands, because keeping them means subduing the sitra achra (the forces opposed to holiness) against one’s own desire. The Sages teach that one should not say “I dislike forbidden food”...
אלא אפשי ומה אעשה אבי שבבשמים גזר עלי ועי״ז אסתלק יקרא דקוב״ה לעילא13 ועמ״ש בביאור ע״פ שחורה אני14 ונאוה15 וע״פ שימני כחותם.1617 וע״פ ראיתי והנה מנורת זהב18 כו׳ מענין מצות ל״ת.
but rather, ‘I do desire it, but what can I do? My Father in heaven has decreed upon me.’” And through this, the glory of the Holy One, blessed be He, is exalted above. And see what is written in the Explanation on “I am black yet comely,” and on “Set me as a seal,” and on “I saw, and behold, a menorah all of gold,” etc., on the subject of the prohibitive commandments.
...but “I would like it, yet my Father in heaven forbade it.” Refraining purely because of G‑d’s decree, beyond one’s own will, is what the Zohar says causes G‑d’s glory to be exalted in all the worlds. (The printed "שבבשמים" apparently reads "שבשמים", “in heaven”.) The cross-references are to discourses in Likkutei Torah on these themes.
ועד״ז יובן ג״כ מ״ש במ״א סד״ה ראה ריח בני1920 בענין הברכות שקבל יעקב מיצחק שהיו דייקא בלי דעתו של יצחק רק בא אחיך במרמה21 כו׳
And along these lines one will also understand what is written elsewhere, at the end of the discourse beginning “See, the smell of my son,” on the subject of the blessings that Yaakov received from Yitzchak, which were specifically without Yitzchak’s knowledge, but rather “your brother came with guile,” etc.,
Another case: Yitzchak’s blessings reached Yaakov without Yitzchak’s knowledge (“your brother came with guile”). This is discussed in Torah Ohr, at the end of the discourse on “See, the smell of my son.”
שא״א להתלבש בבחינת הדעת כו׳ ע״ש שזהו ע״ד הנ״ל בשם התוספתא זו שלא לדעתנו כו׳ והיינו לפי ששרש ברכות אלו הוא ג״כ מבחי׳ טלא דנטיף מעתיקא.
for it is impossible [for them] to be clothed in the level of knowledge (Daas), etc.; see there. For this is along the lines of what was said above in the name of the Tosefta, “this one without our knowledge,” etc. That is, because the root of these blessings too is from the level of “the dew that drips from Atika.”
Those blessings could not pass through conscious knowledge (Daas), just as the forgotten sheaf comes “without our knowledge.” Their root is the “dew that drips from Atik,” a Kabbalistic image for blessing from the highest level.
וז״ש במדרש ריח בגדיו ריח בוגדיו222324 שהוא בחי׳ תשובה שלמעלה מבחי׳ ריח בגדיו שהם בחי׳ לבושים וכנ״ל שהלבוש הוא מקיף הקרוב כו׳.
And this is what is said in the Midrash: “’The smell of his garments’ (begadav): the smell of his rebels (bogdav),” which is the level of teshuvah (return), which is above the level of “the smell of his garments,” which are the level of garments; and, as above, the garment is the close encompassing [light], etc.
The Midrash reads “the smell of his garments (begadav)” as “the smell of his rebels (bogdav),” meaning those who sinned and returned. Teshuvah, return from the depths, reaches higher than “garments,” which are the close encompassing light (Arich Anpin).
And see what is written in the discourse beginning “And Yaakov sent,” on the explanation of “current with the merchant.” And see what is written in the Explanation on “When you go out,” on the subject of the two encompassing [lights], lamed and mem; see there.)
Two more cross-references: a discourse in Torah Ohr on “current with the merchant,” and one in Likkutei Torah on the two encompassing lights symbolized by the letters lamed and final mem (the lamed can sometimes enter the vessels; the mem, the encompassing of the encompassing, never does).
ולכן נאמר בדוד והקמותי לך בית נאמן3031 הרי נק׳ בחי׳ מלכות בשם בית והיינו מפני שאמר לא גבה לבי32 כו׳ ודוממתי33
Therefore it is said of David, “And I will establish for you a faithful house.” Thus the level of Malchus is called by the name “house.” And this is because he said, “My heart was not haughty,” etc., “and I stilled (domamti) [my soul].”
Back to the main thread: David’s kingship (Malchus) is called a “faithful house.” David earned this because he said “My heart was not haughty... I stilled my soul”; the word for “stilled” (domamti) shares its root with domem, the inanimate, the stone of which a house is built.
וכמו הבית נעשה מבחי׳ אבנים ועפר שהוא בחי׳ דומם ושרשו מבחי׳ מקיף דמקיף כך המל׳ היא בחי׳ הספירה האחרונה שבע״ס דאצי׳ ושרשה הוא מאד נעלה מבחי׳ מקיף דמקיף כנ״ל.3435
And just as a house is made from the level of stones and earth, which is the level of the inanimate (domem), and its root is from the level of an encompassing of an encompassing, so Malchus is the level of the last Sefirah of the ten Sefiros of Atzilus, and its root is very exalted, from the level of an encompassing of an encompassing, as above.
Just as a house, made of inanimate stone and earth, is rooted in the encompassing of the encompassing, so Malchus, the last and lowest Sefirah, is rooted very high, in that same level. David’s self-effacement, like the silence of stone, is what connects Malchus to it.
The paragraph develops the two kinds of mitzvos: those done by will draw from Arich Anpin, and those beyond will (the forgotten sheaf, fleeing leadership, “we will do,” prohibitions kept by submission, blessings received unknowingly) draw from Atik. It ends by linking the “house” to Malchus and to David’s self-nullification.
The pairing of “we will hear” with Arich Anpin and “we will do” with Atik, and the reading of “doing G‑d’s will” as requiring “with all your might,” set self-nullification beyond reason as the channel to the highest level. The Kehot note from Likkutei Sichos adds that all leadership is tied to self-nullification, since “By Me kings reign.”
Marei mekomos
- 1אנת הוא דאפיקת · ת״ז בהקדמה.
- 2אנת הוא דאפיקת כו׳ · Tikkunei Zohar 17a:11–12
- 3ר״ש בן שטח שברח למצרים . . ורדפו אחריו ונעשה נשיא · Chagigah 16b
- 4כל הרודף אחר הכבוד · Eruvin 13b
- 5בד״ה צאינה וראינה · לקמן שה״ש כב, א.
- 6בד״ה צאינה וראינה · Song of Songs 3:11
- 7קשרו להן ב׳ כתרים אחד כנגד נעשה כו׳ · Shabbat 88a:7
- 8רפ״ו דברכות · (לה, ב). [כ].
- 9
- 10והיה אם שמוע תשמעו אל מצותי · Deuteronomy 11:13
- 11בכל מאדך · Deuteronomy 6:5
- 12אל יאמר אדם אי אפשי · ע״ל האזינו (ע״ד, א). וש״נ. [כ].
- 13אתכפיא סט״א . . אסתלק יקרא דקוב״ה לעילא · Zohar II, 128b
- 14בביאור ע״פ שחורה אני · לקמן שה״ש י, ב.
- 15בביאור ע״פ שחורה אני ונאוה · Song of Songs 1:5
- 16וע״פ שימני כחותם · לקמן שה״ש מו, ב.
- 17וע״פ שימני כחותם · Song of Songs 8:6
- 18וע״פ ראיתי והנה מנורת זהב · Zechariah 4:2
- 19סד״ה ראה ריח בני · תו״א כא, א.
- 20סד״ה ראה ריח בני · Genesis 27:27
- 21רק בא אחיך במרמה · Genesis 27:35
- 22ריח בגדיו ריח בוגדיו · ב״ר (פס״ה [כב וברש״י שם]). ובילקוט ר׳ (קטו). וע׳ סנהדרין (לז, א). וכ״ה במדרש אגדה פ׳ תולדות א״ת בגדיו אלא בוגדיו. [כ].
- 23וז״ש במדרש ריח בגדיו ריח בוגדיו · Bereshit Rabbah 65:22
- 24וז״ש במדרש ריח בגדיו ריח בוגדיו · Sanhedrin 37a:7–8
- 25בד״ה וישלח יעקב · תו״א כד, ג.
- 26בד״ה וישלח יעקב · Genesis 32:4
- 27עובר לסוחר · Genesis 23:16
- 28בביאור ע״פ כי תצא · לעיל לו, ד.
- 29בביאור ע״פ כי תצא · Deuteronomy 21:10
- 30והקימותי לך בית נאמן · ש״א כא, כח.
- 31והקמותי לך בית נאמן · I Samuel 25:28
- 32לא גבה לבי גו׳ ודוממתי · Psalms 131:1
- 33לא גבה לבי כו׳ ודוממתי · Psalms 131:1–2
- 34בלקו״ת מבאר · ”שגם כללות ענין הנשיאות הוא ענין שלא ע״פ טעם ודעת (הבורח מן הכבוד כו׳) ומקשר זה עם ענין הקדמת נעשה לנשמע, עיי״ש, וי״ל, שכיון ש”בי מלכים ימלוכו” לכן כל נשיאות קשורה דוקא עם ענין הביטול (הבורח מן הכבוד כו׳)” — לקו״ש חל״ג ע׳ 46 הערה 40.
- 35
Joy at the dedication; children as a “house” ¶10
10ולכן בחנוכת הבהמ״ק שנמשך לשם מבחי׳ מקיף דמקיף כנ״ל שהוא למעלה מן הרצון בחי׳ כתר כו׳.
Therefore, at the dedication of the Holy Temple, when there is drawn there from the level of an encompassing of an encompassing, as above, which is above will, the level of Keser, etc.,
Now the opening question is answered. At the dedication of the Temple, the light drawn down is from Atik, the “encompassing of the encompassing,” which is above will, the highest level of Keser.
ואין שייך שם שמחה כלל כמו במצות שהוא ברצון האדם דכתיב אשר לא עבדת בשמחה1 כו׳ אשר קדשנו במצותיו כו׳
joy does not apply there at all, as it does with the mitzvos, which are by a person’s will, as it is written, “[Because] you did not serve with joy,” etc., [and] “Who has sanctified us with His commandments,” etc.,
Joy belongs naturally to what a person does by choice: ordinary mitzvos are done willingly and so with joy, as the Torah rebukes those who “did not serve with joy,” and as the blessing “Who has sanctified us with His commandments” expresses.
מפני ששרשה הוא מבחי׳ רצון העליון כנ״ל משא״כ חנוכת הבית חומה בחינת דומם ששרשם למעלה מן הרצון כנ״ל אין שייך כלל שמחה
because its root is from the level of the supreme will, as above. The dedication of the House, by contrast, a wall, the level of the inanimate, whose root is above will, as above: joy does not apply to it at all.
Those mitzvos come from the supreme will, so joy, an expression of will, fits them. A house, made of stone walls, the inanimate, comes from a level above will, so joy does not arise there by itself. (The word "חומה", a wall, apparently refers to the stone walls of the House.)
לכן היו נצרכים להמשיך שם בחי׳ שמחה (ועמ״ש ע״פ ושאבתם מים בששון23 שלפי שניסוך המים הוא מבחי׳ שלמעלה מבחי׳ ניסוך היין שהיין משמח כו׳ ע״כ צריך לחברו עם בחי׳ שמחה. וזהו ענין ושאבתם מים דייקא בששון ע״ש)
Therefore it was necessary to draw down the level of joy there. (And see what is written on “You shall draw water with joy”: that because the water libation is from a level that is above the level of the wine libation, for wine gladdens, etc., therefore it must be joined with the level of joy. And this is the meaning of “You shall draw water” specifically “with joy”; see there.)
So joy had to be deliberately brought into the dedication. The parallel is the water libation on Sukkos: water is from a higher source than wine, and wine by nature gladdens while water does not, so the drawing of the water had to be done “with joy.”
וזהו מזמור שיר חנוכת הית להמשיך בחנוכת הבית בחינת שמחה ולכן עושים משתה ושמחה בעת חנוכת הבית
And this is [the meaning of] “A psalm, a song of the dedication of the House”: to draw down the level of joy into the dedication of the House. And therefore a feast and rejoicing are made at the time of the dedication of a house.
That is why the psalm of the dedication of the House is called “a song”: song brings joy into the dedication. And this is why people make a feast and celebrate when they dedicate a house, the question with which the maamar opened. (The printed "הית" apparently reads "הבית", the House.)
(וזהו ג״כ ענין מזמור שיר שהוא נראה כפל ענין כמ״ש באלשיך.4 והיינו ע״ד הנ״ל במעשה דחסיד א׳ כו׳ מה ראית לשמוח בשמחת מצוה זו מכל מצות כו׳ וכנ״ל וכ״ש בחנוכת בית המקדש שזהו כללות בחינה זו ועמש״ל מזה לעיל)
(And this is also the meaning of “a psalm, a song,” which seems a doubling of the matter, as the Alshich writes. That is, along the lines of what was said above in the story of a certain pious man, etc., “What did you see to rejoice in the joy of this mitzvah more than all the mitzvos,” etc., and as above; and all the more so at the dedication of the Holy Temple, which is the general and collective expression of this level. And see what has been written about this above.)
The Alshich notes that “a psalm, a song” seems redundant. The double expression fits the special joy of the pious man over the forgotten sheaf, a mitzvah from above will; how much more so the Temple’s dedication, the whole of this level.
וזהו ויהי ביתך כבית פרץ5 אשר כינה הולדת הולד לבחי׳ בית כי בני לאו בזכותא תליא מלתא
And this is [the meaning of] “And may your house be like the house of Peretz,” where [the verse] called the birth of a child by the term “house.” For [with] children, the matter does not depend on merit
The blessing to Boaz, “may your house be like the house of Peretz,” uses “house” for having children. The Sages say that children do not depend on merit but on mazal.
אלא במזלא כו׳ זכות הוא בחינת התפשטות י״ס דאצילות שהם בבחי׳ אור פנימי השכלה שכל לזכות כו׳
but on mazal, etc. Merit is the level of the spreading forth of the ten Sefiros of Atzilus, which are in the level of inner light, intellectual understanding, reasoning to find merit, etc.;
“Merit” belongs to the inner light of the Sefiros, the realm of reason and judgment, where one weighs whether a person deserves something.
אבל בני שרשם למעלה מן השכל ובחי׳ מזלא שהוא בחי׳ מקיף העליון כי פי׳ מזלא היינו המקור שהוא המשפיע ומזיל להיות יזל מים6 כו׳ ונוזלים מן לבנון7 כו׳
but children have their root above intellect, in the level of mazal, which is the level of the supreme encompassing [light]. For the meaning of mazal is the source, which is what bestows and makes flow (mazil), so that “water shall flow,” etc., and “flowing from Lebanon,” etc.
Children come from mazal, which here means not “luck” but the source that “flows” (the root nazal): an encompassing light above reason. The verses about water flowing illustrate the word.
ולכן נקרא בשם בית ששרשו ג״כ מבחי׳ מקיף עליון כו׳ וז״ש והתקין לו ממנו בנין עדי עד כו׳
And therefore it is called by the name “house,” whose root is also from the level of the supreme encompassing [light], etc. And this is what is said, “and prepared for him from him an everlasting edifice,” etc.
So offspring are called a “house,” since both come from the supreme encompassing light. The wedding blessing “and prepared for him from him an everlasting edifice” likewise speaks of the family as a “building.”
ועמ״ש בפ׳ ואתחנן בד״ה וזאת המצוה8 דתורה שבעל פה נקרא בית אל תקרי בניך אלא בוניך כו׳ ע״ש:
And see what is written in Parshas Va’eschanan, in the discourse beginning “And this is the commandment,” that the Oral Torah is called a “house”: “Do not read ‘your children’ (banayich) but ‘your builders’ (bonayich),” etc.; see there.
A cross-reference: in Likkutei Torah, Va’eschanan, the Oral Torah is called a “house,” based on the Sages’ reading “your children” (banayich) as “your builders” (bonayich).
The paragraph answers the opening question: the Temple’s dedication draws from a level above will, where joy does not arise by itself, so joy must be brought in, hence “a song” and the feast at a house’s dedication. It adds that children, from mazal above reason, are also called a “house.”
The link between joy and will (and the need to “add” joy where the source is above will) parallels the Sukkos water libation. The word mazal as the flowing source above the intellect is a common Chassidic reading of the Talmud’s “children depend on mazal.”
Marei mekomos
- 1תחת אשר לא עבדת בשמחה · Deuteronomy 28:47
- 2ע״פ ושאבתם מים בששון · לעיל עט, ד ואילך.
- 3ע״פ ושאבתם מים בששון · Isaiah 12:3
- 4מזמור שיר שהוא נראה כפל ענין כמ״ש באלשיך · Psalms 30:1
- 5ויהי ביתך כבית פרץ · Ruth 4:12
- 6יזל מים · Numbers 24:7
- 7ונוזלים מן לבנון · Song of Songs 4:15
- 8בד״ה וזאת המצוה · Deuteronomy 6:1
Shiloh, the Temple and prayer ¶11–14
3. Now, according to this one will understand what is written, “For you have not yet come to the rest and to the inheritance”: “the rest” is the building of Shiloh, etc.
The third section applies the same principle to the Sanctuaries. Moshe tells Israel they have not yet come “to the rest and to the inheritance,” and the Sages read “the rest” as the Sanctuary at Shiloh.
ולהבין ההפרש שבין בנין המשכן לבין בנין שילה כי לכאורה הם שוין ממש בארכן וברחבן ובכל פרטים כמו צורת המשכן כן נעשה בנין שילה
And [we need] to understand the difference between the building of the Mishkan and the building of Shiloh, for seemingly they were exactly equal in their length and in their width and in all details: as the form of the Mishkan, so was the building of Shiloh made.
The question: Shiloh was built to the same dimensions and plan as the Mishkan in the desert. Why then is only Shiloh called “rest”?
אך ההפרש שבמשכן היו הקרשים עצי ארז ומצופים זהב ובבנין שילה היו היריעות מאבנים דוקא.
But the difference is that in the Mishkan the boards were cedar wood overlaid with gold, whereas in the building of Shiloh the curtains were specifically of stones.
The one difference: the Mishkan’s walls were gold-plated cedar boards (wood), while Shiloh’s walls were of stone.
The paragraph opens the third section with a question: why is Shiloh, not the Mishkan, called “the rest,” when the only difference between them is that Shiloh’s walls were stone rather than wood?
Marei mekomos
- 1כי לא באתם עד עתה אל המנוחה ואל הנחלה · Deuteronomy 12:9
12ולהבין זאת הלא הקרשים שבמשכן היו יקרים הרבה יותר מן היריעות שבשילה שהיו מאבנים ומדוע המשכן לא נקרא מנוחה ובנין שילה נקרא מנוחה.
And to understand this: surely the boards of the Mishkan were far more precious than the curtains in Shiloh, which were of stones; so why is the Mishkan not called “rest,” while the building of Shiloh is called “rest”?
Cedar overlaid with gold is far costlier than stone, so why is the stone Shiloh called “rest”?
והטעם כנ״ל כי אבנים שהוא בחי׳ דומם ממש בחי׳ היותר תחתונה שרשם מבחי׳ היותר גבוה מקיף דמקיף כנ״ל.
The reason is as above: stones, which are the level of the truly inanimate, the lowest level, have their root in the highest level, an encompassing of an encompassing, as above.
The answer follows the principle already given: stone, the inanimate and lowest, has the highest root, the encompassing of the encompassing (Atik).
משא״כ עצי ארז כו׳ הוא בחי׳ צומח שרשה הוא מבחי׳ מקיף כנ״ל ולכן מנוחה זו שילה שהיה בנין
Cedar wood, etc., by contrast, is the level of the vegetative, whose root is from the level of an encompassing, as above. Therefore “the rest” is Shiloh, which was a building
Wood, the vegetative, is rooted only in the ordinary encompassing light (Arich Anpin). So “rest” means Shiloh.
אבנים בחי׳ דומם שלא היה בו שום עץ בולט בחי׳ צומח והיה שורה בו בחי׳ מקיף דמקיף כנ״ל (ועמ״ש מזה ע״פ ויגש אליו יהודה1 ע״ש)
of stones, the level of the inanimate, in which there was no protruding wood at all, the level of the vegetative, and the level of an encompassing of an encompassing rested in it, as above. (And see what is written about this on “And Yehudah approached him”; see there.)
Shiloh was of stone with no protruding wood, and so the highest level, the encompassing of the encompassing, rested there. “Rest” (menuchah) is where that level settles.
ולכן מנה הרמב״ם ז״ל וספר החניוך סי׳ תצ״ב2 בלאוין לא תטע לך אשרה כו׳3 שאסור לעשות בבנין בהמ״ק שום עץ בולט ועובר על לאו לא תטע כו׳
And therefore the Rambam, of blessed memory, and Sefer HaChinuch (section 492) counted among the prohibitions “You shall not plant for yourself an asherah,” etc., that it is forbidden to make any protruding wood in the building of the Holy Temple, and one transgresses the prohibition “You shall not plant,” etc.;
This is why the Rambam and Sefer HaChinuch count as a prohibition, under “Do not plant for yourself an asherah... beside the altar,” any wooden beam protruding in the Temple building.
רק עץ שקוע מותר כמו התקרות כו׳ מפני שהיה דוקא מאבנים בחי׳ דומם ששרשם למעלה מעלה כו׳
only sunken wood is permitted, such as the ceilings, etc., because it was specifically of stones, the level of the inanimate, whose root is exceedingly high, etc.
Wood set flush into the stone, such as ceiling beams, is allowed. The building had to be of stone, whose root is highest.
(וההפרש בין בולט לשוקע עמ״ש ע״פ שימני כחותם) ולכן ארז״ל על כורש שהחמיץ כי ציוה לעשות תלתא די אבן וחד דאעא כו׳
(And for the difference between protruding and sunken, see what is written on “Set me as a seal.”) And therefore our Sages said of Cyrus that he turned sour, for he commanded to make three [rows] of stone and one of wood, etc.;
For the difference between protruding and sunken, the text refers to its discourse on “Set me as a seal” (a seal can be raised or engraved). The Sages faulted Cyrus, whose decree for the Second Temple called for three rows of stone and one of wood, saying he “turned sour.”
וזה אסור כנ״ל להיות בו שום עץ בולט רק עץ שוקע שהוא בחי׳ פנימי ולא בולט שהוא בחי׳ מיקף היה דוקא מאבנים כנ״ל.
and this is forbidden, as above, to have any protruding wood in it, only sunken wood, which is the inner level, and not protruding, which is the encompassing level; it had to be specifically of stones, as above.
Protruding wood stands out like an encompassing light; wood sunk into the wall is inward. The Temple had to be of stone only, with no protruding wood. (The printed "מיקף" apparently reads "מקיף", encompassing.)
The paragraph explains why the stone Sanctuary of Shiloh is called “rest”: stone, the inanimate, has the highest root, so the highest level could rest there; this is also why protruding wood was forbidden in the Temple.
“Rest” (menuchah) is where the most transcendent level settles: not in the most precious materials, but in the lowest, whose root is highest.
Marei mekomos
- 1ע״פ ויגש אליו יהודה · Genesis 44:18
- 2וספר החניוך סי׳ תצ״ב · Sefer HaChinukh 492
- 3לא תטע לך אשרה כו׳ · Deuteronomy 16:21
13וזהו עצי שטים עומדים1 קרשים עומדים שרפים עומדים2 והאופנים וחיות הקדש ברעש גדול כו׳ והיינו פסוקי דזמרה עד
And this is [the meaning of] “acacia wood, standing”: boards standing, seraphim standing; and “the ofanim and the holy chayos with a great noise,” etc. That is, Pesukei Dezimra until
The Mishkan’s boards are described as “acacia wood, standing,” and the seraphim are also “standing” above Him. The morning prayer says the ofanim and holy chayos (kinds of angels) rise “with a great noise.” All this is applied to the order of prayer: the Pesukei Dezimra (the psalms of praise)...
ק״ש הוא בחי׳ עצי שטים עומדים הוא בחי׳ צומח כנ״ל וחיות הקדש ברעש גדול על שמרגישים היש מן העולם
the recitation of the Shema is the level of “acacia wood, standing,” the level of the vegetative, as above. And the holy chayos are “with a great noise” because they sense the existence (yesh) of the world;
...up to the Shema, correspond to the “standing” wood boards, the vegetative level. The holy chayos make a great noise because they still sense the world as a real existence (yesh).
ולכן כשמשיגים את ביטול ה׳ צבאות קדוש כו׳3 הם ברעש גדול משא״כ שרפים שהם אינם מרגישים את היש כמו האופנים
and therefore, when they grasp the self-nullification (bittul) of “Holy... is the G‑d of hosts,” etc., they are in a great noise. Not so the seraphim, who do not sense the yesh as the ofanim do;
When they grasp that all is nullified before G‑d, “Holy, holy, holy,” they are shaken with a great noise. The seraphim do not sense the world’s existence at all.
לכן הם עומדים ממעל לו ממעל לשכינתא וזהו עד ק״ש אבל הרמ״ח תיבין שבק״ש נקרא רמ״ח אבנים בחי׳ דומם כנ״ל.
therefore they stand “above Him,” above the Shechinah (Divine Presence). And this is until the recitation of the Shema; but the 248 words in the recitation of the Shema are called 248 stones, the level of the inanimate, as above.
So the seraphim stand “above Him,” above the Shechinah. This is the level of prayer until the Shema. The 248 words of the Shema, however, are called “248 stones,” the inanimate level, which is higher still.
The paragraph maps the Temple’s materials onto prayer: the Pesukei Dezimra, like the wooden boards, correspond to the vegetative level, while the Shema’s 248 words are “stones,” the inanimate level with the highest root.
The contrast between the angels who make a “great noise” (feeling their own existence) and the seraphim who stand silent, followed by the silent “stones” of the Shema, echoes the theme of domem: stillness as the channel for the highest level.
Marei mekomos
- 1עצי שטים עומדים · Exodus 26:15
- 2שרפים עומדים · Isaiah 6:2
- 3קדוש כו׳ · Isaiah 6:3
14וזהו ויקח מאבני המקום רמ״ח תיבין שבק״ש בחינת מל׳ שהיא מדרג׳ היותר תחתונה וישם מראשותיו1 לא תימא תחת מראשותיו
And this is [the meaning of] “And he took of the stones of the place”: the 248 words of the Shema, the level of Malchus, which is the lowest level. “And he put [them] at his head (mera’ashosav)”: do not say “under his head,” but “mera’ashosav,”
Yaakov at Beis El “took of the stones of the place”: these stones are the 248 words of the Shema, the level of Malchus, the lowest Sefirah. He placed them mera’ashosav, which the text reads not as “under his head”...
אלא מראשותיו ששרשה מבחי׳ היותר גבוה למעלה מבחי׳ מוחין שהוא מראשותיו וזהו וישם אותה מצבה ויצוק שמן2 שמתחלה הוא
[meaning] that its root is from the highest level, above the level of the intellect (mochin), which is “his head.” And this is [the meaning of] “And he set it up as a pillar, and poured oil”: for at first it is
...but as “from above his head”: the stones’ root is higher than the head, that is, above the intellect. Then he set the stone up as a pillar and poured oil on it.
רק נקודה תחת היסוד ויעקב הרימה ועשאה מצבה ויצוק עליה שמן המשיך בחי׳ מוחין עליונים שמן משחת קדש3 בחי׳ חכמה עילאה.
only a point beneath Yesod, and Yaakov raised it and made it a pillar, “and poured oil upon it”: he drew down the level of the supernal intellect, “oil of holy anointing,” the level of supernal Chochmah.
Malchus begins as a mere “point” beneath Yesod, the Sefirah above it. Yaakov raised it into a standing pillar and anointed it with oil, drawing into it the supernal intellect, the level of supernal Chochmah, symbolized by the holy anointing oil.
The paragraph reads Yaakov’s stones as the words of the Shema, the level of Malchus, rooted above the intellect, and his anointing of the pillar as raising Malchus and drawing into it supernal Chochmah.
The “point beneath Yesod” is a standard Kabbalistic description of Malchus in its diminished state; raising it into a pillar and anointing it prepares for the next paragraph, “the stone the builders rejected.”
Marei mekomos
- 1ויקח מאבני המקום ... וישם מראשותיו · Genesis 28:11
- 2וישם אותה מצבה ויצוק שמן · Genesis 28:18
- 3שמן משחת קדש · Exodus 30:31
The rejected stone and the wife as “house” ¶15–16
15וזהו אבן מאסו הבונים היתה לראש פינה1 שבחי׳ מל׳ נק׳ בחי׳ אבן2 בחי׳ דומם בחי׳ אותיות שתי אבנים כו׳3 שהן בחי׳ דומם והיינו שבחי׳ מל׳ הוא בחי׳ התחתונה מכל הי״ס
And this is [the meaning of] “The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.” For the level of Malchus is called the level of “stone,” the level of the inanimate, the level of letters: “two stones,” etc., which are the level of the inanimate. That is, the level of Malchus is the lowest level of all the ten Sefiros,
The psalm’s “stone the builders rejected” is read as Malchus. Malchus is called “stone” because it is the level of speech, the letters, which Sefer Yetzirah calls “stones” (“two stones build two houses”): like stone, it is the inanimate level, the lowest of the Sefiros.
כמו דומם שהוא יותר תחתון מכל הד׳ יסודות עכ״ז היתה לראש פינה ששרש בחי׳ דומם הנ״ל הוא למעלה מעלה מכל הי״ס דאצילות בחי׳ כתר עליון (ועמ״ש מזה בביאור ע״פ זאת חקת התורה).4
like the inanimate, which is lower than all the four elements; nevertheless it “has become the cornerstone,” for the root of the above-mentioned inanimate level is exceedingly high above all the ten Sefiros of Atzilus, the level of Keser Elyon (and see what is written about this in the Explanation on “This is the statute of the Torah”).
Stone is even lower than the four elements (fire, air, water, earth) in their pure form. Yet it becomes “the cornerstone,” because its root is the highest, above all the Sefiros, in Keser Elyon. The text refers to its Explanation on “This is the statute of the Torah” for more on this.
וענין מאסו הבונים כי הנה שרה נתנה את שפחתה הגר לאברהם ואמרה אולי אבנה ממנה5 וכן רחל את שפחתה בלהה ואמרה אולי אבנה גם אנכי ממנה67 היינו מילוי הה״א
And the meaning of “the builders rejected”: for behold, Sarah gave her maidservant Hagar to Avraham and said, “Perhaps I will be built up through her”; and likewise Rachel [gave] her maidservant Bilhah and said, “Perhaps I too will be built up through her.” That is, the filling of the hei.
Who are “the builders” who rejected it? Sarah and Rachel each gave their maidservant to their husband, saying “perhaps I will be built up through her.” This “building” through a maidservant is linked to the “filling” of the letter hei, the extra letters used when the letter hei is spelled out in full.
כי יש ה׳ עילאה בחי׳ בינה ה״א תתאה בחי׳ מל׳ ויש מילוי הה״א והוא בחי׳ התחתונה שבמל׳ שיורדת ומתלבשת בבי״ע להיות ראש לשועלים89 ונקרא בחי׳ שפחה נגד עצמיות מל׳
For there is the upper hei, the level of Binah, [and] the lower hei, the level of Malchus; and there is the filling of the hei, which is the lowest level within Malchus, which descends and clothes itself in Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah to become “a head to foxes,” and it is called the level of a “maidservant” relative to the essence of Malchus.
In the Name Havayah, the first hei stands for Binah and the last hei for Malchus. The “filling” of the hei is the lowest part of Malchus, which descends into the lower worlds and becomes “a head to foxes” (a ruler among lesser beings). Compared to Malchus itself, this part is like a maidservant compared to her mistress.
(ועמ״ש מענין מילוי הה״א בד״ה יגלה לן טעמיה10 וע׳ בזהר פ׳ בראשית דכ״ז ע״ב)11 ועד״ז יובן מ״ש בספר עשרה מאמרות במאמר חקור דין פ״י שאמרו באגדה בענין דוד
(And see what is written on the subject of the filling of the hei in the discourse beginning “May He reveal to us its reasons,” and see the Zohar, Parshas Bereishis, 27b.) And along these lines will be understood what is written in the book Asarah Maamaros, in the Maamar Chakor Din, chapter 10, that they said in the Aggadah concerning David
After cross-references on the filling of the hei (a Torah Ohr discourse and the Zohar), the Alter Rebbe cites Asarah Maamaros, a Kabbalistic work, which quotes an Aggadah about David’s birth.
כי ישי חשב שבא על שפחתו המשוחררת ובאמת השפחה מסרה סימנין לאשתו ע״ד רחל ללאה וע״ש
that Yishai thought he was coming to his emancipated maidservant, but in truth the maidservant had passed the signs to his wife, in the manner of Rachel to Leah; see there.
According to that Aggadah, Yishai (Jesse) believed he was with his freed maidservant, but the maidservant had secretly given his wife the signs, just as Rachel gave Leah the signs so she could marry Yaakov; so David was born of Yishai’s wife.
(ובגמרא וברבות לא נמצא אגדה זו ואדרבה ממ״ש ברבות תזריע פי״ד כלום נתוין אבא ישי12 כו׳ משמע דלא כדרשה זו)
(And in the Gemara and in the Midrash Rabbah this Aggadah is not found; on the contrary, from what is said in the Midrash Rabbah on Tazria, chapter 14, “Did father Yishai intend...,” etc., the implication is not like this exposition.)
The Alter Rebbe notes that he did not find this Aggadah in the Talmud or the Midrash Rabbah, and that a Midrash on Tazria, where David says his father did not intend [to bring him into being], seems to imply otherwise. (The printed "נתוין" apparently reads "נתכוין", “intend.”)
ועכ״פ פי׳ וענין שפחה זו היינו בחי׳ מילוי הה״א כנ״ל שהוא בחי׳ התחתונה שבמל׳ בחי׳ דומם ונקרא אבן
In any case, the meaning and subject of this maidservant is the level of the filling of the hei, as above, which is the lowest level within Malchus, the level of the inanimate, and is called “stone.”
Whatever the historical account, the meaning of the “maidservant” is the lowest level of Malchus, the inanimate, called “stone.”
ולכן אמר אבן מאסו הבונים שהבונים הנ״ל מאסו אותה להיותה ראש לשועלים רגליה יורדות13 והיא בחי׳ התחתונה בחי׳ דומם ממש
Therefore he said, “The stone the builders rejected”: the above-mentioned builders rejected it because it is “a head to foxes,” “her feet go down,” and it is the lowest level, the level of the truly inanimate.
The “builders” rejected this stone because it descends so low, to where “her feet go down,” into the lowest realms: the truly inanimate.
ולא יוכל להבנות בחינה זו רק בבחי׳ דוד מטעם המבואר בספר הגלגולים ומטעם המבואר בספר ע״מ שם ומ״מ כשנבנה בנין זה
And this level can be built only through the level of David, for the reason explained in Sefer HaGilgulim and for the reason explained in the book Asarah Maamaros there. Nevertheless, when this building is built,
Only through David could this lowest level be “built” into holiness; for the reasons, the text refers to Sefer HaGilgulim and Asarah Maamaros. When this is achieved...
אזי היה עלייה יתירה בה ועל ידה לבחי׳ המל׳ שבאצילות שתהיה היא עי״ז לראש פנה והיינו כמ״ש הרמ״ז פ׳
then there is an extra elevation in it, and through it to the level of Malchus of Atzilus, so that thereby it becomes the cornerstone. That is, as the Ramaz writes on Parshas
...it raises not only the lowest Malchus but also Malchus of Atzilus, so that it becomes “the cornerstone.” The Ramaz (Rabbi Moshe Zacuto, a commentator on the Zohar) explains why.
כי תשא (דקפ״ט ע״ב) מפני שכל הבירורים המתעלים מלמטה ע״י מלכות החתתונה עולים עד מלכות דאצילות והיא מעלה הבירורים למעלה ובכח זה היתה לראש פנה והיינו כי באצילות מתבררים בירור נעלה יותר
Ki Sisa (189b): because all the refinements (beirurim) that are raised up from below by the lower Malchus rise up to Malchus of Atzilus, and it raises the refinements above, and by this power it became the cornerstone. That is, in Atzilus they are refined with a higher refinement.
All the sparks refined (beirurim) from below are raised by the lower Malchus to Malchus of Atzilus, which lifts them higher still and refines them at a higher level. That power is what makes it the cornerstone. (The printed "החתתונה" apparently reads "התחתונה", “the lower.”)
והנה הבירורים הם מעולם התהו שלמעלה מעולם התיקון (וכמ״ש מזה בביאור ע״פ שחורה אני ונאוה הנזכר לעיל) ועיקר הבנין הוא דוקא על ידי הבירורים
Now, the refinements are from the World of Tohu, which is above the World of Tikkun (and as is written about this in the Explanation on “I am black yet comely,” mentioned above), and the main building is specifically through the refinements,
The sparks being refined come from the World of Tohu (chaos), which was higher than the World of Tikkun (order). The whole “building” of holiness is made by raising them.
for “their beginning is wedged in their end and their end in their beginning.” And there are several levels of stones: kneaded stones, perforated stones, etc.
As Sefer Yetzirah says, the end is wedged into the beginning: the lowest is joined to the highest. The kinds of “stones” named (kneaded, perforated) are listed without elaboration here.
ובכל זה יובן מארז״ל (ביבמות דס״ב ע״ב) ע״פ להניח ברכה אל ביתך1718 [יחזקאל סי׳ מ״ד] שהברכה לאדם היא בשביל אשתו.
And with all this will be understood what our Sages said (in Yevamos 62b) on “to bring a blessing to rest upon your house” [Ezekiel, chapter 44], that a man’s blessing is on account of his wife.
This explains the Talmud’s teaching, based on Ezekiel’s words “to bring a blessing to rest upon your house,” that a man is blessed on account of his wife.
וזהו מימי לא קראתי לאשתי אשתי אלא לאשתי ביתי19 (בשבת קי״ח ב׳) וצ״ל דהרי בכתובה כותב האיש לאשתו אנא אוקיר ואוזין כו׳
And this is [the meaning of] “In all my days I did not call my wife ‘my wife,’ but [I called] my wife ‘my house’” (in Shabbos 118b). And it needs to be explained, for in the kesubah the man writes to his wife, “I will honor and sustain,” etc.
A sage said he never called his wife “my wife” but “my house,” identifying wife and home. Yet the marriage contract (kesubah) has the husband write to his wife, “I will honor and sustain,” as though he provides for her.
ולכאורה תמוה איך כותב אנא אוקיר ואוזין הלא אמרו אין אדם ניזון20 אלא בשביל אשתו
And seemingly it is puzzling: how does he write, “I will honor and sustain”? Surely they said, “A man is sustained only on account of his wife.”
That seems to contradict the saying that a man is sustained only because of his wife. The Kehot note records that the Tzemach Tzedek, in Or HaTorah, also cites a saying of this kind and notes that he did not find its source.
אך באמת שניהם אמת כי העיקר העבודה להמשיך בחי׳ חסדים העליונים הוא מבחי׳ דוכרא רק שיכול להיות שיהיו החסדים רק בגילוי אלהות וכדומה
But in truth both are true. For the main work of drawing down the level of the supernal kindnesses (chasadim) is from the level of the male; except that it could be that the kindnesses would be only in a revelation of G‑dliness and the like,
Both are true. On the spiritual level, the drawing down of the supernal kindnesses comes from the “male” side (the giving Sefiros). But those kindnesses might remain only as spiritual revelation of G‑dliness...
ולא ישתלשל למטה כלל בפרנסה גשמי ושיומשך מ בחי׳ חסד ורחמים דאצילות למטה נותן לחם לכל בשר21 גשמי זהו בשביל אשתו בחי׳ נוק׳ מל׳ דאצי׳ המחיה בי״ע
and would not descend below at all into physical livelihood. That there be drawn from the level of Chesed and compassion of Atzilus below, “He gives bread to all flesh,” physical [bread], this is on account of his wife, the level of Nukva, Malchus of Atzilus, which gives life to Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah,
...without ever reaching physical livelihood. For G‑d’s kindness to reach down as actual bread, “He gives bread to all flesh,” requires the “wife,” Nukva, Malchus of Atzilus, which gives life to the lower worlds. (The printed "מ בחי׳" apparently reads "מבחי׳".)
שהיא נק׳ ביתי שהוא המשכת מקיף העליון שהוא הנותן כח להיות ההמשכה למטה בגשמיות ועמ״ש בפ׳ קרח ע״פ ויגמול שקדים22 ועמ״ש סד״ה ועשית בגדי קדש:232425262728293031323334353637383940
which is called “my house,” which is the drawing down of the supreme encompassing [light], which gives the power for the drawing down to be below in physicality. And see what is written in Parshas Korach on “And it bore ripe almonds,” and see what is written at the end of the discourse beginning “And you shall make garments of holiness.”
Malchus is called “my house” because it draws down the supreme encompassing light (the house-level), which gives the power for divine blessing to reach the physical world. So the man provides the spiritual kindness, but the physical blessing comes through the wife. Two final cross-references close the maamar.
The final paragraph applies the maamar’s principle to Malchus as “the stone the builders rejected”: the lowest level, rooted in the highest, becomes the cornerstone through the refinement achieved by David. It ends by explaining why a man’s blessing and livelihood come through his wife, his “house.”
The “filling” of the hei as the “maidservant” of Malchus, and David as the one who could build it, connect the theme of house, stone and domem with the Davidic kingship. The closing reconciliation of “I will sustain” with “sustained on account of his wife” shows that the house-level (Malchus rooted in the encompassing of the encompassing) is what carries divine kindness into physical reality.
Marei mekomos
- 1אבן מאסו הבונים היתה לראש פינה · Psalms 118:22
- 2מל׳ נק׳ בחי׳ אבן · ראה אוה״ת פ׳ ויחי כרך ב שצד, ב. וראה בד״ה וישלח תרע״ג.
- 3שתי אבנים כו׳ · ס״י פ״ד, מט״ז.
- 4בביאור ע״פ זאת חקת התורה · Numbers 19:2
- 5אולי אבנה ממנה · Genesis 16:2
- 6אולי אבנה גם אנכי ממנה · ראה שם ל, ג.
- 7וכן רחל את שפחתה בלהה ואמרה אולי אבנה גם אנכי ממנה · Genesis 30:3
- 8ראש לשועלים · Zohar II, 148b
- 9להיות ראש לשועלים · Pirkei Avot 4:15
- 10בד״ה יגלה לן טעמי׳ · תו״א טו, ג.
- 11וע׳ בזהר פ׳ בראשית דכ״ז ע״ב · Zohar, Bereshit 24:264–25:273
- 12ממ״ש ברבות תזריע פי״ד כלום נתוין אבא ישי · Vayikra Rabbah 14:5
- 13רגלי׳ יורדות · Proverbs 5:5
- 14נעוץ תחלתן בסופן · ס״י פ״א, מ״ז.
- 15כי נעוץ תחלתן בסופן וסופן בתחלתן · Sefer Yetzirah 1:7
- 16אבנים מפולמים אבנים נקובים · ראה סידור ד״ה להבין ההפרש בין ק״ש לתפלה. ראה ביאוה״ז לאדה״א מד, ג. ואילך.
- 17
- 18להניח ברכה אל ביתך · Ezekiel 44:30
- 19
- 20אין אדם ניזון · ע׳ בס׳ אור התורה מאדמו״ר הצ״צ נ״ע בפ׳ ויצא ד״ה וירא והנה באר סי׳ ה׳ בזה״ל הביא מארז״ל אין נותנין לאדם פרנסה כו׳ (וג״ז ל״מ). עו״ש בפ׳ בראשית ד״ה במ״ר בראשית ויברך (מה, א). [כ].
- 21נותן לחם לכל בשר · Psalms 136:25
- 22בפ׳ קרח ע״פ ויגמול שקדים · Numbers 17:23
- 23סד״ה ועשית בגדי קדש · Exodus 28:2
- 24בד״ה מנורת זהב · לעיל פ׳ בהעלותך לד, א.
- 25אור זרוע לצדיק · Psalms 97:11
- 26ופי׳ ברבות תרומה פל״ה · הלשון נעתק ביהל אור ע׳ שנב
- 27ובזהר תרומה (קס״ו סע״ב) · ”שזהו״ע מ״ש אור זרוע לצדיק, דהיינו אור שנברא ביום ראשון שזרעו הקב״ה בג״ע ע״י צדיק יסו״א שהוא גננא דגנתא ואוליד ואצמח ועביד פירין וזהו וכגנה זרועיה תצמיח” — אוה״ת נ״ך כרך א ע׳ רפט.
- 28וכ״מ ברבות ס״פ שלח · ”ע״פ ועשו להם ציצית הה״ד אור זרוע לצדיק, וכתיב ה׳ חפץ למען צדקו וגו׳ זרע הקב״ה את התורה ואת המצות להנחילם לישראל לחיי העוה״ב ולא הניח דבר בעולם שלא נתן בו מצוה לישראל יצא לחרוש לא תחרוש בשור ובחמור כו׳ עכ״ל. לפי״ז פי׳ אור זרוע אור היינו התורה ומצות, זרוע מה שנתלבשו בכל פרטי הענינים שבעוה״ז בחרישה וזריעה כו׳, ולבושי׳ כמו ציצית, ובבתים מזוזה וכן בכל שא״ד” — יהל אור ע׳ שנב. וראה אוה״ת נ״ך כרך א ס״ע רפט ואילך.
- 29ואור החמה יהי׳ שבעתיים כאור שבעת הימים · Isaiah 30:26
- 30ברבות נשא פי״ג . . תרי״ג אותיות · ראה גם לעיל פ׳ בחקותי מו, ד.
- 31וזהו שפי׳ בזהר ויקרא (די״ב ע״א) · באוה״ת בראשית כרך ז תתשס, ב מביא לשון המדרש ומקשה ”(קשה איך דבור זכור את יום השבת לקדשו מכוון נגד תדשא הארץ דשא, אדרבה זהו עשיית מלאכה וא״כ זהו הפך לקדשו, לכאורה)”. וראה גם באוה״ת נ״ך ע׳ רצ.
- 32יוצר משרתים ואשר משרתיו · ברכת יוצר.
- 33וגילוי זה זהו בשבת · ראה באוה״ת נ״ך ע׳ רצ בסעי׳ ב בענין נשמה יתירה.
- 34בד״ה ראה כי ה׳ נתן לכם השבת · לעיל פ׳ בשלח ב, א.
- 35קדושתי למע׳ מקדושתכם · Vayikra Rabbah 24:9
- 36שמש צדקה ומרפא · Malachi 3:20
- 37ברבות בא פט״ו (דקל״א ע״ד) · ראה לעיל פ׳ ראה כה, ג. ל, ד. ובאוה״ת פ׳ וירא כרך א פח, ב: ”ובסדר בא פט״ו מבואר ענין שמש צדקה היינו מה שיהי׳ ואור החמה שבעתים כאור שבעת הימים, והוא ענין אור ג״ר דעתיק, ולכן הוא מרפא כי משם מקור החיים”. ע״ש.
- 38ותהלתי אחטם לך · Isaiah 48:9
- 39וברבות במדבר פרשה ה׳ · ”דורש אחתם לשון חותם קץ הגאולה החתום . . גם חותמה לטובה” — אוה״ת נ״ך כרך א ע׳ קעט. וראה לעיל פ׳ שלח נא, ד.
- 40בספד״צ פ״ב · Zohar II, 177a
16סליק
Concluded.
“Concluded”: the customary word marking the end of the maamar.
The closing word of the maamar.
Finished the maamar?
Mark it as learned; it counts toward the week and the year’s siyum.
In one’s avodah
The maamar draws its lessons from how a person serves: mitzvos done by choice are done with joy, but the highest service is self-surrender beyond one’s own will and understanding (“we will do” before “we will hear,” “with all your might,” keeping the prohibitions because G‑d decreed them, fleeing honor). Like David, who stilled himself like stone, one who sets aside his own sense of self becomes a “house” for the highest level, and joy must then be consciously brought into that service.
Questions for discussion
- Why, according to the maamar, is a house dearer than clothing and clothing dearer than food, and what principle does this illustrate?
- How do the two sides of Keser, Arich Anpin and Atik, correspond to clothing and houses, and to the two kinds of mitzvos?
- Why did the dedication of the Temple need joy to be drawn into it, when ordinary mitzvos are naturally done with joy?
- What makes the stone Sanctuary of Shiloh “rest,” and how does this connect to the words of the Shema as “stones”?
- How does the maamar reconcile “I will honor and sustain” in the kesubah with the saying that a man is sustained on account of his wife?
Key terms in this maamar
- Life-forceחיות
- The divine vitality that sustains every creation. ×20
- The World of Beriah (Creation)בריאה
- The first world of separate existence. ×1
- The World of Yetzirah (Formation)יצירה
- The world of the angels and emotions.
- The light that fills all worlds (memalei kol almin)ממלא כל עלמין
- Divine light that enters each world and gives it life according to its measure. ×1
- The light that encompasses all worlds (sovev kol almin)סובב כל עלמין
- Divine light too great to enter the worlds; it 'surrounds' them and affects them from beyond.
- Malchus (sovereignty)מלכות
- Kingship: the level through which G‑d's word creates and rules the worlds. ×4
- The World of Atzilus (Emanation)אצילות
- The highest world, still one with G‑d. ×13
- The World of Asiyah (Action)עשיה
- The lowest world, including our physical one.
- The chain of descending worlds (hishtalshelus)השתלשלות
- The step-by-step descent of divine light from the highest level down to this world. ×5
- The inner dimension (pnimiyus)פנימיות
- The innermost core of a level. ×2
- The Sefirosספירות
- The ten divine attributes through which G‑d relates to creation.
- Chesed (kindness)חסד
- Expansive giving. ×5
- Keser (the Crown)כתר
- The level above intellect: divine will and delight. ×10
- Willרצון
- Desire; in G‑d, the level above intellect. ×18
- Gevurah (restraint)גבורה
- Measure, limitation and judgment. ×2
- The Name Elokimאלקים
- G‑d as concealed within nature, measuring and limiting. ×1
- Chochmah (wisdom)חכמה
- The first flash of insight. ×3
- Daas (knowledge)דעת
- Deep connection to an idea, bridging intellect and emotion. ×5
- Self-nullification (bittul)ביטול
- Setting aside one's own sense of self before G‑d. ×3
- The Infinite One (Ein Sof)אין סוף
- G‑d's own boundless essence.
- The sitra achra (the other side)סטרא אחרא
- The realm opposed to holiness.
- The Holy One, blessed be Heקב״ה
- Teshuvah (return)תשובה
- Returning to G‑d; not only repentance. ×1
- The Shechinah (Divine Presence)שכינה
- G‑d's presence as it dwells in the world.
- The intellect (mochin)מוחין
- Chochmah, Binah and Daas as a whole. ×3
- Yesod (foundation)יסוד
- The channel that connects and transmits. ×1
- Binah (understanding)בינה
- Developing and grasping an insight in detail. ×1
- Nukva (the feminine / Malchus)נוקבא
- Malchus as the receiving configuration.